Short Course on "Diffusion in Minerals and Melts"

该奖项部分支持55名学生和其他早期职业调查人员参加美国矿物学会（MSA）关于“矿物和熔体扩散”的短期课程。预计这一短期课程将教育和培训大量的研究生和从业人员在矿物和熔体中的扩散，以及各种地质应用。扩散是由于原子、离子和分子在固体、熔体、流体和气体中的随机运动。尽管这个过程是微观的，但其影响可能是宏观的。例如，气体驱动喷发的初始阶段由气泡成核和生长提供动力，而气泡成核和生长又由将气体分子带入气泡的扩散控制。晶体的生长和溶解是岩浆凝固和演化的关键过程，但在一定程度上受扩散控制。带状晶体的均匀化和矿物之间的平衡需要扩散。扩散的最重要的应用之一是反问题，推断热历史，如封闭温度，表观平衡温度和冷却速率从扩散性能。热年代学及其在构造和侵蚀速率方面的应用需要对矿物中的扩散有透彻的了解。此外，许多用于推断岩石冷却速率的地质速度计涉及扩散。为了帮助学生和从业人员了解扩散的基础知识，更重要的是实验扩散数据及其在地质问题中的应用，提议者将组织一个关于“矿物和熔体扩散”的短期课程，作为MSA非常成功的短期课程系列的一部分。 与短期课程相关联的是RiMG（矿物地球化学评论）卷的出版。本课程将着重于高温至中温下矿物和硅酸盐熔体中的扩散。虽然理论方面将被覆盖，重点将是对扩散的基本细节直接应用到地质问题，包括（1）实验方法，（2）分析技术，（3）矿物和熔体中的扩散数据（包括数据和方程）的总结和评估，以及（4）各种地质应用。短期课程产生的RiMG卷将是地质学中高温扩散的有用参考，读者将找到必要的理论背景，有关实验和分析方法的详细讨论以及评估的扩散数据。所有收集的数据的在线补充将以统一格式发布在MSA网站上。

This is an award to partially support the participation of 55 students and other early-career investigators in a Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) short course on "Diffusion in Minerals and Melts". It is expected that this short course will educate and train a large number of graduate students and practitioners on diffusion in minerals and melts, and the various geological applications. Diffusion is due to random motion of atoms, ions and molecules in solids, melts, fluids, and gases. Even though the process is microscopic, the effects can be macroscopic. For example, the initial phase of a gas-driven eruption is powered by bubble nucleation and growth, which is in turn controlled by diffusion that brings gas molecules into bubbles. Crystal growth and dissolution, key processes in magma solidification and evolution, are partially controlled by diffusion. Homogenization of zoned crystals and equilibrium between minerals require diffusion. One of the most important applications of diffusion is the inverse problem, to infer thermal histories such as closure temperature, apparent equilibrium temperature, and cooling rates from diffusion properties. Thermochronology and its applications to tectonic and erosion rates require a thorough understanding of diffusion in minerals. Furthermore, many geospeedometers for inferring cooling rates of rocks involve diffusion. In order to help students and practitioners to understand the basics of diffusion, and more importantly the experimental diffusion data and their applications to geological problems, the proposers will organize a Short Course on "Diffusion in Minerals and Melts" as part of the highly successful Short Course series by the MSA. Associated with the Short Course will be the publication of a RiMG (Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry) volume. The Course will focus on diffusion at high to moderate temperatures in minerals and silicate melts. Although theoretical aspects will be covered, the emphasis will be on fundamental details of diffusion for direct application to geological problems, including (1) experimental methods, (2) analytical techniques, (3) a summary and assessment of diffusion data in minerals and melts (including the data and equations), and (4) various geological applications. The RiMG volume resulting from the Short Course will be a useful reference for high temperature diffusion in geology, where readers will find the necessary theoretical background, detailed discussion about experimental and analytical methods, and evaluated diffusion data. An online supplement of all collected data in a unified format will be posted on MSA web site.