Elucidation of BiP-regulated Innate Immunity

水稻受体样激酶（Rice receptor-like kinase，XA 21）是植物和动物之间广泛保守的病原体防御途径--先天免疫应答中的关键识别决定因子。很少有蛋白质，抑制水稻先天免疫反应的特点。因此，从体内XA 21复合物中分离蛋白质，称为BiP（管腔结合蛋白，也称为葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP 78）），是特别重要的。BiP是位于内质网（ER）的热休克蛋白（HSP）70伴侣蛋白家族的成员。在BiP 3过表达的水稻植株中，XA 21介导的抗性受到损害，XA 21的稳定性显著降低。这些结果表明，BiP 3调节XA 21蛋白的稳定性和加工，并且这种调节对于抗性至关重要。该项目的长期目标是阐明先天免疫的机制，确定BiP在这些信号通路中的作用，并利用这些信息开发植物和动物疾病控制的新策略。该项目将使用生物化学，细胞生物学和遗传学方法来确定ER伴侣BiP如何影响XA 21介导的信号传导。这些研究的结果将导致在理解病原体衍生分子的植物和动物传感器的生物起源和加工方面取得重大进展。由于XA 21与其他植物和动物中控制先天免疫的传感器密切相关，因此预期结果将对理解和控制谷物和人类疾病产生广泛影响。研究结果将与其他植物-微生物相互作用有关，并将广泛传播，以提高对先天免疫机制的科学和技术理解。博士后和研究生将接受细菌遗传学，生物化学和植物病理学的培训。教育推广包括在当地一所小学举办为期一个月的科学和艺术节目。

The rice receptor-like kinase, XA21, is a key recognition determinant in the innate immune response, a pathogen defense pathway widely conserved between plants and animals. Few proteins that transduce the rice innate immune response have been characterized. For this reason the isolation of a protein from an in vivo XA21 complex, called BiP (luminal binding protein, also called glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78)), is particularly important. BiP is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located member of the family of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 chaperones. In BiP3-overexpressing rice plants, XA21-mediated resistance is compromised and XA21 stability is significantly decreased. These results indicate that BiP3 regulates XA21 protein stability and processing and that this regulation is critical for resistance. The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate the mechanisms of innate immunity, determine the role of BiP in these signaling pathways, and use this information to develop new strategies for disease control in plants and animals. The project will use biochemical, cell biological and genetic approaches to determine how the ER chaperone BiP affects XA21-mediated signaling. Results from these studies will lead to major advances in understanding biogenesis and processing of plant and animal sensors of pathogen-derived molecules. Because XA21 is closely related to sensors controlling innate immunity in other plants and animals, the expected results will have a broad impact on understanding and controlling diseases of cereals and humans. The results will have relevance to other plant-microbe interactions and will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding of the mechanisms of innate immunity. Postdoctoral and graduate students will receive training in bacterial genetics, biochemistry, and plant pathology. Educational outreach includes a month-long science and art program to be presented in a local elementary school.