Social Values in Exchange Networks: An Experimental Test

南卡罗来纳大学大卫·E·威勒这项研究测试了将三个截然不同的参与者：个人主义者、亲社会者和竞争者置于两个交换网络中的理论。个人主义者是理性地寻求最大化回报的行为者，他们只对自己有利。亲社会者同样理性，但寻求最大化对自己和他人的回报(S)，同时最小化回报差异。竞争者也是理性的行为者，但他们寻求最大化对自己和对他人的回报差异(S)。将三个参与者的所有组合放入二元和三个参与者的权力结构中，会产生对互动过程和结果的高度反差的预测。这项研究将对这些预测进行实验验证。更广泛的影响：这项研究的更广泛的影响是，如果这一提议的理论得到支持，它将拒绝交换理论只使用个人主义行为者的理由，从而呼吁在社会学、博弈论和经济学中广泛改变交换理论的形成方式。

SES-0954791David E. WillerUniversity of South CarolinaThis research tests theory that places three contrasting actors: an individualist, prosocial, and competitor in the positions of two exchange networks. Individualists are actors who rationally seek to maximize payoffs only to self. Prosocials are equally rational but seek to maximize payoffs to self and other(s) while minimizing payoff differences. Competitors are also rational actors, but they seek to maximize the difference between payoffs to self and to other(s). Placing all combinations of the three actors in dyads and three-actor power structures generates highly contrasting predictions for interaction processes and outcomes. This research will experimentally test those predictions. BROADER IMPACTS: The broader impact of this research is that if the theory of this proposal is supported, it will reject exchange theory's justification for using only the individualist actor and thereby call for a wide-ranging change in the way that exchange theory is formulated in sociology, game theory and economics.