Doctoral Dissertation Research: Interreligious Violence, Civic Peace, and Citizenship: Christians and Muslims in Indonesia's Moluccan Islands

波士顿大学博士生F. N.联合由罗伯特·赫夫纳博士监督的苏曼托将在印度尼西亚东部马鲁古的基督教-穆斯林冲突地区进行宗教间暴力，公民身份和冲突后和平的研究。该项目建议首先调查宗教间暴力的根本因素，其次调查影响冲突后停火的因素，并努力重建该地区多宗教公民的运作结构和公共文化。更具体地说，该项目旨在审查宗教网络、组织、言论和做法在暴力发生之前、期间和之后的作用，调查哪些社会资源加剧了当地紧张局势，反过来，哪些资源促成或正在促成一种能够调解族裔和宗教分歧的公共文化的形成。因此，该项目的中心重点是探讨马鲁古宗教团体和民间组织在应对暴力和冲突后停火方面的动态，并研究宗教网络、协会和话语对和平以及当地对国家公民身份的理解和实践的影响。本研究将利用（1）民族志田野调查，（2）网络和联想分析，（3）历史和文本材料的研究。这个项目是重要的，因为它将有助于，首先，暴力，解决冲突，公民身份，在多宗教社会和建立和平的社会科学理论。第二，该项目将有助于关于宗教在严重分裂的社会中的作用的日益增多的理论和研究。更一般地说，这一项目还将直接关系到研究世界上遭受大规模暴力蹂躏的地区的暴力与和解问题。

Boston University doctoral student F. N. U. Sumanto, supervised by Dr. Robert Hefner, will undertake research on interreligious violence, citizenship, and post-conflict peace in the Christian-Muslim conflict zone of Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. The project proposes to investigate first, factors underlying interreligious violence, and, second, factors shaping the post-conflict truce and efforts to rebuild an operative structure and public culture for multi-religious citizenship in the region. More specifically, the project aims to examine the role of religious networks, organizations, discourses, and practices before, during, and after the violence, investigating which social resources aggravated local tensions, and, conversely, which contributed or is contributing to the creation of a public culture capable of mediating ethnic and religious divisions. The central focus of the project, then, is to explore the dynamics of Maluku's religious groups and civic organizations in responding to violence and the post-conflict truce, and to examine the implications of religious networks, associations, and discourses for the peace and for local understandings and practices of national citizenship. The research will utilize (1) ethnographic fieldwork, (2) network and associational analysis, and (3) the study of historical and textual materials. This project is important because it will contribute, first, to social science theories of violence, conflict resolution, citizenship, and peacemaking in multi-religious societies. Second, the project will contribute to the growing body of theory and research on the role of religion in deeply divided societies. More generally, this project will also be of direct relevance to the study of violence and reconciliation in those parts of the world that have suffered the ravages of mass violence.