SBIR Phase I: Two-Phase Microchannel Heat Sink with Porous Layers Lining Channel Inner Walls

这个小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目将开发一种先进的两相微/微通道散热器，该散热器可以消除高热流密度，降低不稳定性，并实现比当前最先进的两相散热器更均匀的温度。拟议的概念将通过解决两个关键问题：并行通道不稳定性和经历蒸汽爆炸的通道的瞬时干涸，潜在地提高两相微/微通道散热器的可扩展性、可靠性和通用性。提出的概念中的具体特征是在散热片墙上衬里一层多孔层。多孔层在流动沸腾过程中提供更均匀的成核，并在气泡排气期间存储液体以供蒸发，从而改善温度均匀度，减少流动和温度振荡。第一阶段项目有三个目标：(1)开发一个选择最有利的多孔层和散热器几何形状的模型；(2)优化多孔层的制造和表征技术；(3)建立和测试带有多孔层的微通道散热器，以展示其性能。第二阶段项目将为这些合作伙伴开发先进的两相微/微通道散热器，用于特定的商业和军事应用。拟议工作和商业化潜力的广泛影响/商业潜力该项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力将有助于更好地了解两相微/微通道不稳定性，并开发有效的方法来抑制它们。该项目的成果将提高微/微通道散热器在不同运行条件下的有用性和稳健性。这是迈向两相微/微通道散热器商业化的关键一步。移动互联网、辅助技术和其他具有芯片制造、人口老龄化和交通运输市场部门的电子技术可能会从拟议的技术中受益。据预测，如果先进的芯片级(液体、两相等)，仅在美国一年的总节电就可以达到10亿美元。为计算机数据中心实施冷却解决方案。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will develop an advanced two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sink that can remove high heat fluxes with reduced instabilities and achieve more uniform temperatures than the current state of-the-art two-phase heat sinks. The proposed concept will potentially improve the scalability, reliability, and versatility of two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sinks by addressing two key issues: parallel channel instabilities and transient dryout of channels experiencing vapor explosion. The specific feature in the proposed concept is a porous layer lining the heat sink walls. The porous layer provides more uniform nucleation during flow boiling and also stores liquid for evaporation during the bubble venting period, resulting in improved temperature uniformity and reduced flow and temperature oscillations. There are three objectives for the Phase I project: (1) develop a model to select the most favorable porous layer and heat sink geometries; (2) optimize the techniques for porous layer manufacturing and characterization; and (3) build and test microchannel heat sinks with porous layers to demonstrate their performances. The Phase II project will develop the advanced two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sinks for specific commercial and military applications for these partners.Broader Impact of the Proposed Work and Commercialization PotentialThe broader impact/commercial potential of this project will contribute to better understanding of two-phase micro/mini-channel instabilities and develop effective means to suppress them. The results of the project will improve micro/mini-channel heat sink usefulness and robustness for diverse operating conditions. This is a critical step towards commercialization of two-phase micro/mini-channel heat sinks. Mobile internet, assistive technologies, and other electronics technologies with market sectors in chip manufacturing, aging population, and transportation could benefit from the proposed technology. It was predicted that the total annual electricity savings in the U.S. alone could reach $1B if advanced chip level (liquid, two-phase, etc.) cooling solutions are implemented for computer data centers.