Carbon and transient dynamics: A bi-polar view of Southern Ocean eddies and the changing Arctic Ocean

海洋和气候系统似乎在许多不同方面都在发生变化。北极夏季海冰的迅速消退和南大洋西风带的增多是这一现象的近期表现。两者都可能对极地海洋吸收二氧化碳产生影响。在南大洋，由于深水上升流增强，CO2汇减少。穿过南极环极流的向北涡旋输送可能会或可能不会抵消这一点。我们建议研究涡旋的碳收支以及涡旋在碳向赤道输送中的作用。将对不同涡旋内部和涡旋之间的二氧化碳进行测量，并利用瞬态示踪剂来描述涡旋的物理特性，并计算人为产生的二氧化碳。在北冰洋，我们希望研究北冰洋碳系统的物理和生物地球化学成分及其对环境的反馈，并探索北冰洋如何促进全球海洋的通风，包括最近的变化。将进行CFC-12和SF6的测量。利用这些瞬态示踪剂并结合以前的数据，将确定北冰洋中人为产生的二氧化碳。此外，平流与混合的关系将在这两种示踪剂的结合下得到更好的约束，从而增强了对北极环流的认识。

The oceans and the climate system appear to be changing in many different aspects. The rapidly retreating summer sea ice cover in the Arctic and the increasing westerlies in the Southern Ocean are recent exponents of this phenomenon. Both may have consequences for the uptake of CO2 by the polar oceans. In the Southern Ocean, a decrease of the CO2 sink was suggested due to enhanced upwelling of deep waters. Northward eddy transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current may or may not be counteracting this. We propose to investigate the carbon budget of eddies and the role of eddies in the equatorward transport of carbon. CO2 measurements within and across different eddies will be conducted, as well as transient tracers, which will be utilized to describe the physical characteristics of the eddies, and to calculate anthropogenic CO2. In the Arctic Ocean, we want to investigate the physical and biogeochemical components of the Arctic Ocean carbon system and its feedbacks to the environment, as well as to explore how the Arctic Ocean contributes to the ventilation of the global oceans, including recent changes. Measurements of CFC-12 and SF6 will be conducted. With these transient tracers and combined with previous data, anthropogenic CO2 in the Arctic Ocean will be determined. Also the relation of advection to mixing will be better constrained with this combination of two tracers, enhancing the knowledge of circulation within the Arctic.