RAPID: Earthquake Debris Management in Haiti: Data-driven Decision-Support

这项快速反应研究(RAPID)赠款为收集与碎片管理有关的数据及其建模提供支持。碎片是指自然灾害或恐怖袭击等危险事件产生的废物。这是一个关键且经常被忽视的问题。碎片影响人道主义救济的后勤，并在一些大规模灾难中产生碎片，其数量相当于受影响地区多年的正常固体废物产量。在海地地震中，瓦砾堵塞道路是人道主义组织无法在灾后立即向灾民提供援助的关键因素之一，即使在援助到达太子港机场和港口之后也是如此。地震发生近两个月后，许多消息来源称，清除和处置废墟是今后最大的挑战之一，并估计这些活动将需要五年多的时间才能完成。清除碎片是一个昂贵、漫长、复杂的过程，需要认真考虑短期和长期影响。如果成功，这项研究将提供一个综合模型，考虑碎片管理行动的所有三个阶段(清除、收集和处置)中决策问题之间的相互作用。这些模型和决策辅助工具将通过使用基于收集的实际数据的场景进行测试和调整而得到极大增强。现有关于碎片清除的文献非常有限，这项工作将为这一问题的建模和解决开辟新的场所，并为测试创建公开可用的数据集。通过数据收集、分析和业务记录，将创建一个案例研究，说明海地地震后瓦砾及其清除对人道主义援助的运送和关键设施的准入的影响。预计所开发的工具不仅将用于战术和行动阶段，而且还将用于综合政策评估阶段。

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) grant provides support for the collection of data related to debris management and its modeling. Debris is the waste generated by hazardous events such as a natural disaster or a terrorist attack. This is a critical and often overlooked problem. Debris impacts the logistics of humanitarian relief and can generate debris in some large-scale disasters equivalent in volume to years of normal solid waste production in the affected areas. In the context of the Haiti earthquake, blockage of the roads by debris was one of the key factors in the humanitarian organizations inability to deliver aid to the victims in the immediate aftermath, even after aid had arrived at the Port-au-Prince airport and ports. Almost two months after the earthquake, many sources cite debris removal and disposal as one of the biggest challenges going forward and estimate that these activities will take more than five years to complete. Debris removal is a costly and long, complicated process requiring the careful consideration of both short and long term effects. If successful, this research will provide an integrated model that considers interactions between the decision problems in all three phases of debris management operations (clearance, collection, and disposal). These models and decision aid tools will be greatly enhanced through testing and tuning using scenarios based on the collected real data. Existing literature on debris removal is very limited and this work will open new venues both in the modeling and solution of this problem as well as create publicly available data sets for testing. Through data collection, analysis, and documentation of operations a case study describing the effects of debris and its removal on the delivery of humanitarian aid and access to critical facilities in the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake will be created. It is envisioned that the developed tools will be used not only in tactical and operational phases but also during the comprehensive policy evaluation phase.