RAPID: Survey of Structural and Scour Damage under 2010 Chilean Earthquake and Tsunami Loads

2010年2月27日，智利Maule近海发生8.8级地震和地震引发的海啸，对智利沿海城市的建筑造成了广泛的破坏。这次事件的现场观测可以为目前nsf支持的NEES研究资助（包括“基于性能的海啸工程”项目）正在制定的实验和数值模型的校准以及海啸设计指南提供有价值的数据。在美国国家科学基金会工程局NEES研究项目和美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室美洲项目的支持下，这个RAPID项目团队将调查受影响沿海地区的结构破坏和冲刷影响。实地调查将由夏威夷大学马诺阿分校（University of Hawaii, Manoa）的教师和学生组成的8人小组进行；密歇根大学安娜堡分校；普林斯顿大学;田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校；和斯坦福大学。与小组一些成员于2009年11月进行的萨摩亚海啸调查类似，智利海啸调查的目的是收集和保存数据，以便(1)与数值模拟进行比较，(2)更新风险模型数据库，(3)制定改造和设计建议，(4)提高对流体、结构和沉积物相互作用动力学的理解，这对防波堤、水坝的总体设计和改造至关重要。以及各种各样的海岸结构。此外，RAPID小组将对从智利海啸中获得的数据和分析结果与从萨摩亚海啸调查中获得的数据和分析结果以及会议和期刊论文中的文件调查结果进行比较。智力优势：由于顺序荷载和响应的复杂性，研究人员尚未详细研究地震和海啸联合作用的影响。所涉及的复杂性包括地震引起的结构响应、支撑土壤基础的潜在液化以及海啸上升和下降引起的流体冲击载荷，每种现象都是高度非线性的。到目前为止，几乎没有这种联合事件的现场数据，如果有的话，这可能是预期中的美国太平洋西北部卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带地震和海啸的场景。更广泛的影响：智利目前的设计指导方针没有海啸影响的规定。智利的研究人员和他们的学生将加入RAPID调查小组，合作开发海啸荷载建模、模拟和设计，将联邦应急管理局P646《海啸垂直疏散结构设计指南》的各个方面纳入智利的新设计指南。将受到本次调查经验教训影响的科学文献包括海啸上升高度和洪水预测；海啸对海岸建筑物的影响，包括港口、码头和海军设施；输沙冲刷；基础设计;还有桥梁工程。

The February 27, 2010, magnitude 8.8, offshore Maule, Chile, earthquake and earthquake-induced tsunami caused extensive damage to structures in cities along the Chilean coast. Field observations from this event can provide valuable data for calibration of experimental and numerical models and tsunami design guidelines being developed under current NSF-supported NEES research grants including the "Performance-Based Tsunami Engineering" project. Through support from the NSF Engineering Directorate's NEES Research Program and the NSF Office of International Science and Engineering's Americas Program, this RAPID project team will survey the structural damage and scour effects of the affected coastal areas. The field survey will be conducted by an eight-member team of faculty and students from the University of Hawaii, Manoa; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Princeton University; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; and Stanford University. Similar to the Samoan tsunami survey conducted in November 2009 by some of the team members, this survey for the Chilean tsunami intends to collect and preserve data to (1) compare against numerical simulations, (2) update the database for risk models, (3) develop retrofit and design recommendations, and (4) improve the understanding of the dynamics of fluid, structure and sediment interactions, which is critical to the general design and retrofit of levees, dams, and a wide range of coastal structures. In addition, the RAPID team will (5) perform a comparison of the data and analysis results obtained from the Chilean tsunami with those from the Samoan tsunami survey and document findings in conference and journal papers.Intellectual Merit: The effects of combined earthquake and tsunami have not been examined in detail by researchers due to the complex nature of sequential loading and response. The complexities involved include structural response due to earthquake, potential liquefaction of the supporting soil foundation, and fluid impact load due to tsunami run-up and drawdown, with each of the phenomenon being highly nonlinear. To date, there is little, if any, field data available for such combined events, which are likely scenarios of the anticipated Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and tsunami in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Broader Impacts: The current design guidelines in Chile do not have provisions for tsunami effects. Chilean researchers and their students will join this RAPID survey team to collaborate to develop tsunami load modeling, simulation and design, incorporating aspects of the FEMA P646 "Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis" into new design guidelines for Chile. The body of scientific literature that would be impacted by the lessons learned from this survey includes tsunami run-up height and inundation prediction; tsunami impact on coastal structures including harbors, docks and naval facilities; sediment transport and scour; foundation design; and bridge engineering.