EFRI-SEED: Creating Opportunities for Adaptation Based on PULSE (Population in Urban Landscape for Sustainable Built Environment)

EFRI-SEED项目的目标是开发一个城市模拟平台，以识别和测试以下方面的机会：（1）城市居民更好地适应室内和室外环境条件;（2）老化的建筑基础设施更好地适应不断变化的环境条件和新的建筑能源性能要求。该项目将包括多尺度建模，整个系统边界跨越整个城市社区，以捕捉多个建筑物对冷却/加热/照明能量流的综合影响，同时保持模型分辨率足够小，以基于第一原理（守恒定律直接应用于多个尺度）模拟这些影响。能量流建模工作将与乘员舒适度和健康的研究成果相结合，从粘膜刺激和下呼吸道症状到乘员警觉性。宾夕法尼亚州立大学和哈佛大学的主校区将作为该项目的案例研究，帮助项目团队制定与建筑能源使用和居住者对城市环境满意度相关的城市设计性能指标。这些指标将通过充分利用社区范围内的阳光、风和雨，以及考虑居住者的输入，来支持改进建筑能源控制策略的发展。所有开发的软件，包括接口，都将在开放的软件架构中提供。PI计划启用社区基础设施，研究人员可以为Virtual PULSE模型提供重要输入，以改进社区模拟和数据收集。该研究团队计划做出贡献，可能有助于解决美国国家工程院（NAE）定义的工程重大挑战之一，即恢复和改善城市基础设施。此外，城市基础设施是最近批准的LEED社区发展评级系统的主要焦点：LEED-ND，这将从定量分析的角度在我们的项目中得到体现。 本提案中开发的模拟工具和技术将提供一个框架，以整合建筑师和工程师，以一种新的方式解决复杂的耦合问题，以减少建筑能耗和环境影响。 决策者将能够获得定量数据，以改进对城市环境中能源需求的评估。这种能力可以为负责任的能源政策和城市住区的增长提供一个基本框架，以满足奥巴马-拜登美国综合新能源计划中设定的长期国家目标。这项工作将使人们更好地了解可能导致系统性人口健康问题的环境压力因素。项目成果将为决策者提供必要的基线信息，以更新城市基础设施，改善人口健康。Virtual PULSE仿真工具的直接传播将面向工业和研究界，而专门的材料将为本科生/研究生和校园社区开发。这些教育宣传活动被称为“城市环境”单元。这些模块代表了一系列的实践讲座和练习，将根据在这个项目中收集的数据。EFRI获奖者必须参加并提出研究计划和成果，每年在EFRI赠款？在颁奖期间举行会议。 至少一名首席研究员和至少一名研究员或学生需要参加赠款？用补助金中的差旅费开会吗的预算。 EFRI的受资助者？的会议定于2011年3月24日至25日在弗吉尼亚州的阿灵顿举行。 krayn@abecker.com支持该项目的2010财年EFRI-SEED主题由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）工程部（ENG）、数学和物理科学部（MPS）、社会、行为和经济科学部（SBE）以及计算机信息科学与工程部与美国能源部（DOE）和美国环境保护署（EPA）合作赞助。

The objective of this EFRI-SEED project is to develop an urban simulation platform in order to identify and test opportunities for: (1) urban dwellers to better adapt to indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and (2) the aging building infrastructure to better adapt to changing environmental conditions and new building energy performance requirements. The project will include multi-scale modeling with overall system boundaries spanning across a whole urban neighborhood to capture the combined effect of multiple buildings on energy flows for cooling/heating/lighting, while maintaining a model resolution small enough to simulate these effects based on first principles (conservation laws directly applied to multiple scales). The energy flow modeling efforts will be coupled with research outcomes on occupant comfort and health ranging from mucosal irritation and lower respiratory symptoms to occupant alertness. The main campuses at Penn State and Harvard will serve as case studies for this project helping the project team to develop urban design performance metrics related to building energy use and occupant satisfaction with the urban environment. These metrics will support the development of improved building energy control strategies by taking full benefits of sun, wind and rain at the neighborhood scale, as well as, accounting for inputs from occupants. All of the software developed including interfaces will be available in open software architecture. The PIs plan to enable a community infrastructure, where researchers can provide vital input into the Virtual PULSE model, for improved neighborhood simulations and data collection.This research team plans to make contributions that could potentially help address one of the Grand Challenges for Engineering defined by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) as Restore and Improve Urban Infrastructure. Also, the urban infrastructure is the main focus of recently approved LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System: LEED-ND, which will be represented in our project from a quantitative analysis perspective. Simulation tools and techniques developed in this proposal will provide a framework to integrate architects and engineers for solving complex coupled problems in a novel way to decrease building energy consumption and environmental impacts. Policy makers will have access to quantitative data to improve assessment of energy demands in urban environments. Such capacity can provide a fundamental framework for responsible energy policy and growth of urban settlements that meet the long-tem national goal set in The Obama-Biden Comprehensive New Energy for America Plan. The work will provide better understanding of environmental stressors that can lead to systemic population health problems. The project results will provide policy makers with baseline information necessary to upgrade urban infrastructure for improved population health. Direct dissemination of Virtual PULSE simulation tool will be aimed for the industry and research community, while special materials will be developed for undergraduate/graduate students and campus communities. The educational dissemination initiatives are named "Urban Environment" modules. These modules represent a series of hands-on lectures and exercises to be based on the data collected in this project.EFRI awardees are required to attend and present research plans and results annually at an EFRI grantees? conference for the duration of the award. At least one principal investigator and at least one researcher or student is required to attend the grantees? conference using travel funds from the grant?s budget. The EFRI grantee?s conference is scheduled for March 24-25, 2011 in Arlington, VA. Please contact Kate Ryan of Ann Becker and Associates at krayn@abecker.com, for additional information.The FY 2010 EFRI-SEED Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).