Will high CO2 conditions affect production, partitioning and fate of organic matter?

沿海水域已经经历了断断续续的碳酸盐环境，这是本世纪末才预料到的，因此了解对这些断断续续事件的反应与了解长期平均反应一样重要。其中最显著的例子是与美国西海岸沿海上升流有关的，那里的地表水的pH值可能降至7.6，二氧化碳分压可能达到1100瓦特。上升流系统负责全球碳出口的很大一部分，使其成为研究海洋酸化如何影响生物泵的主要目标。在这项研究中，加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的研究人员将调查海洋酸化对生物泵强度的潜在影响，在上升流导致二氧化碳短暂增加的情况下。预计二氧化碳的增加将改变碳通过海洋食物网的路径和加工过程，从而加强生物泵。无机碳的增加，而营养物质没有成比例的增加，导致浮游植物对碳的过度消耗。碳的过度消耗如何影响生物泵的强度将取决于额外的碳的命运，这些碳要么被纳入浮游植物细胞中形成颗粒有机物质（POM），要么作为溶解的有机物质（DOM）排出体外。中尺度实验结果表明，在自然或半自然条件下，控制颗粒相和溶解相之间固定碳分配的机制以及这些材料的加工过程是模糊的。在这里，POM和DOM的产生以及这些材料的异养处理将通过进行基础实验室培养实验，在一定的CO2浓度范围内进行实验分离。通过这种方式，二氧化碳升高改变沿这些路径的碳流的机制可以被阐明和更好地理解，以便在机械预测模型中使用。更广泛的影响——了解海洋酸化对未来社会的影响的必要性是显而易见的。除了研究之外，正式和非正式的教育对于告知公众也很重要。在这个项目中，将从CAMP项目（加州少数民族参与联盟）招募1-2名研究生和2-3名少数民族学生作为实习生。由加州大学圣迭戈分校海洋科学研究所的外联人员运营的“海洋到教室”项目将为K-12学生开发一个教育单元。还向海峡群岛国家海洋保护区国家海洋和大气管理局的教育协调员提供咨询和支助，以发展一个关于海洋酸化的教育单位。

Coastal waters are already experiencing episodic exposure to carbonate conditions that were not expected until the end of the century making understanding the response to these episodic events as important as understanding the long-term mean response. Among the most striking examples are those associated with coastal upwelling along the west coast of the US, where the pH of surface waters may drop to 7.6 and pCO2 can reach 1100 uatm. Upwelling systems are responsible for a significant fraction of global carbon export making them prime targets for investigations on how ocean acidification is already affecting the biological pump today. In this study, researchers at the University of California at Santa Barbara will investigate the potential effects of ocean acidification on the strength of the biological pump under the transient increases in CO2 experienced due to upwelling. Increases in CO2 are expected to alter the path and processing of carbon through marine food webs thereby strengthening the biological pump. Increases in inorganic carbon without proportional increases in nutrients result in carbon over-consumption by phytoplankton. How carbon over-consumption affects the strength of the biological pump will depend on the fate of the extra carbon that is either incorporated into phytoplankton cells forming particulate organic matter (POM), or is excreted as dissolved organic matter (DOM). Results from mesocosm experiments demonstrate that the mechanisms controlling the partitioning of fixed carbon between the particulate and dissolved phases, and the processing of those materials, are obscured when both processes operate simultaneously under natural or semi-natural conditions. Here, POM and DOM production and the heterotrophic processing of these materials will be separated experimentally across a range of CO2 concentrations by conducting basic laboratory culture experiments. In this way the mechanisms whereby elevated CO2 alters the flow of carbon along these paths can be elucidated and better understood for use in mechanistic forecasting models. Broader Impacts- The need to understand the effects of ocean acidification for the future of society is clear. In addition to research education, both formal and informal, will be important for informing the public. Within this project 1-2 graduate students and 2-3 minority students will be recruited as interns from the CAMP program (California Alliance for Minority Participation). Within the 'Ocean to Classrooms' program run by outreach personnel from UCSB's Marine Science Institute an educational unit for K-12 students will be developed. Advice and support is also given to the Education Coordinator of NOAA, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary for the development of an education unit on ocean acidification.