RAPID InSAR response to volcanic eruption in Iceland

冰岛埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山爆发，以下简称为？Eyja？始于2010年4月14日。放射性尘埃扰乱了整个欧洲的人类活动。研究人员建议继续监测Eyja和Katla火山的活动，重点是对TerraSAR-X、Envisat和ALOS卫星任务获得的合成孔径雷达图像（干涉合成孔径雷达）进行干涉分析。两次喷发之间的时间间隔很短，而且需要提前给卫星分配任务，因此需要RAPID奖。研究人员还将把已经在冰岛运行的三个宽带地震仪重新部署到距离Eyja火山中心15公里以内的地方。RAPID的资金将有助于在火山喷发继续时捕捉地震信号。为了指导研究，我们提出了两个假设：（I）Eyja的变形从喷发前的时间间隔内的快速膨胀减缓到2010年3月20日喷发开始时的可忽略不计的速率，因为进入深岩床的岩浆流量与流出它的流量相平衡。(II)Eyja和Katla两座火山之间的地震火山活动是机械耦合的。为了验证这些假设，他们设想了一项由三个部分组成的研究活动：测量，建模和解释。Eyja丰富的数据观测集将用于测试关于活火山内部运作过程的两个假设。拟议的研究将导致一个模型，可以解释干涉合成孔径雷达观测到的大多数地壳变形的时间和位置。该模型还应再现其他观测的基本方面，包括地震位置和全球定位系统测量。通过将测量（使用GIPhT）和建模（使用FEM）相结合，解释组件将帮助NVC和IMO的科学家继续努力监测Eyja的火山活动。这项研究的新信息将直接关系到了解位于繁忙的空中交通走廊下方的火山所造成的随时间变化的火山危险。

The volcanic eruption at the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, hereafter shortened to ?Eyja? began on April 14, 2010. The fallout disrupted human activity across Europe. The researchers propose to continue monitoring the activity at both Eyja and Katla volcanoes, focusing on interferometric analysis of synthetic aperture radar images (InSAR) acquired by the TerraSAR-X, Envisat, and ALOS satellite missions. The short time intervals between paired eruptions and the need to task the satellites in advance requires the RAPID award. The researchers will also redeploy three broadband seismometers that are already operating in Iceland to locations within 15 km of the center of the volcanic edfice at Eyja. The RAPID funding will help to capture the seismological signals while the eruption continues. To guide the research, we propose two hypotheses:(I) Deformation at Eyja slows from rapid inflation during the pre-eruptive time interval to negligible rates when the eruption began on 20 March 2010 as the magma flux into the deep sill was balanced by flux out of it.(II) Seismo-volcanic activity is mechanically coupled between the two volcanoes, Eyja and Katla.To test these hypotheses, they envision a research activity with three components: measuring, modeling, and interpreting. The rich data observational set at Eyja will be used to test two hypotheses about the processesoperating within an active volcano. The proposed research will lead to a model that can explain the timing and location of most of the crustal deformation observed by InSAR there. The model should also reproduce the essential aspects of the other observations, including earthquake locations and GPS measurements. By combining the measuring (with GIPhT) and modeling (with FEM), the interpreting component will help scientists at NVC and IMO in their ongoing efforts to monitor volcanic activity at Eyja. The new information from this study will be directly relevant to understanding the time-dependent volcanic hazard posed by volcanoes lying beneath heavily used air traffic corridors.