RAPID: Environmental and Social Impacts of the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull Eruption

该项目将利用2010年Eyjafjallajökull喷发提供的千载难逢的机会，在地质记录内创建一个新的火山灰层形成模式，并对火山灰坠落？S的社会和环境影响进行评估。这可能会改变我们对火山灰层中保存的环境数据的理解，完善我们对过去喷发的知识，并增强我们对其对社会和景观影响的理解。为了实现这一目标，该项目有必要迅速召集一支合适的多国(美国-冰岛-英国)跨学科研究团队，举办一次研讨会，以便在学术界和当地社区之间建立适当和有意义的合作，并制定一项可在未来3-5年内进行的严格抽样方案。2010年Ey火山喷发提供了一个难得的机会，让我们更多地了解与火山灰降落有关的变化阈值；在什么情况下，与植被、地貌和土地利用变化有关的临界点会发生？天气、植被、地形、土地利用如何影响灰层的转化？积雪上的沉积有什么影响？什么时候火山灰层保持不变，获得或失去质量？是什么决定了灰烬稳定和重新分布的时机？如果更好地了解火山灰层转化的方式，这可以实现四个重要目标：1)我们将能够更多地了解火山灰掉落到的地貌的性质，2)对其进行沉积后的环境过程；3)我们将能够更好地了解最初火山灰坠落的性质，因此4)能够更好地重建最初的喷发。在2010年喷发后，可以详细跟踪发生的社会和环境影响，并将有可能与受影响的社区讨论正在展开的事件及其后果。火山灰对植被、水质和排水有何影响？对家畜有什么影响？火山灰落下对放牧、土壤侵蚀和土壤肥力有何影响？哪里清理了灰烬，这是怎么做的？火山喷发还造成了哪些其他影响(消极的和积极的)？这如何影响农业和其他农村活动的生存能力？

This project will use the once-in-a-generation opportunity provided by the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull (Ey 2010) to create a new model of volcanic ash layer formation within the geological record, and evaluate the ash-fall?s social and environmental impact. This could potentially transform our understanding of the environmental data preserved within volcanic ash layers, refine our knowledge of past eruptions and enhance our understanding of their impacts on society and landscape. In order to achieve this goal this project it is necessary to rapidly gather a suitable multinational (US-Icelandic-UK) interdisciplinary team of researchers, hold a workshop to establish appropriate and meaningful collaborations between both the academic and local community and establish a rigorous sampling protocol that can be carried out over the next 3-5 years.The Ey 2010 eruption presents a unusual opportunity to understand more about thresholds of change related to volcanic ash-fall; under what circumstances do tipping points occur in relation to vegetation, geomorphology and land-use change? How does weather, vegetation, topography, land use affect the transformation of the ash layer? What is the effect of deposition over snow? When do volcanic ash layers remain the same, acquire or lose mass? What governs the timing of ash stabilisation and redistribution across landscape? If the ways in which volcanic ash layers become transformed are better understood then this could achieve four important goals: 1) we will be able to know more about the nature of the landscape onto which the ash fell and 2) the post depositional environmental processes operating on it; 3) we will be able to have a better idea of the nature of the initial ash fall and so 4) be able to better reconstruct the initial eruption.In the aftermath of the 2010 eruption the social and environmental impacts can be tracked in detail as they happen and it will be possible to discuss unfolding events and their consequences with the affected community. How does volcanic ash affect vegetation, water quality and drainage? What are the impacts on livestock? How does the ash-fall affect grazing, soil erosion and soil fertility? Where the ash was cleared, how was this done? What other impacts (negative and positive) has the eruption caused and how does this affect the viability of farming and other rural activities?