CAREER: Investigating Dynamic Changes in the Plasma Membrane Proteome during Plant Immune Signaling.

科克摘要：预计世界人口的增长和全球气候变化需要用更少的人工投入增加粮食产量。病原菌侵染造成的作物损失是巨大的，为了设计新的、环境友好的病害控制策略，有必要更好地了解控制植物防御反应的分子机制。植物使用由两种信号触发的先天免疫系统来抵御不同病原体的感染。第一种是允许植物感知病原体衍生成分的一般反应，通常被称为病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)。第二种被称为效应器触发免疫，它代表了对抗耐药病原体的另一种水平的保护，能够抑制PAMP诱导的防御。这两种免疫反应有重叠和不同的节点。本项目的目标是使用创新的方法来确定差异表达的质膜蛋白，以阐明每种免疫反应特有的信号、感知和转导成分。一些最早的植物免疫反应来自于质膜。这项研究的独特之处在于，它解决了植物防御机制中非常早期的反应，这一领域的特征并不是很好，但对于了解植物天然免疫的动态以及开发预防或控制植物病害的替代策略至关重要。该项目的更广泛影响将有助于在多个层面上的科学教育。该项目将培训高中生和公立学校系统内的科学教育工作者，以及本科生、研究生和博士后学者。每年夏天，来自加利福尼亚州戴维斯的一名高中教师和两名高中生将接受指导。学生和老师将参与筛选拟南芥突变株的疾病表型。将开发一个实验室模块，教授使用每年夏天筛选的植物材料进行基因分型和聚合酶链式反应的方法。这一模块将被用来教育大量的戴维斯高中生，作为他们生物课程的一部分。综上所述，这项提议的教学和外展部分将广泛地加强对不同学生群体的科学理解和职业发展。

Coaker ABSTRACT:Projected increases in the world's population and global climate change necessitate the increased production of food with fewer artificial inputs. Crop losses due to pathogen infection are substantial and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant defense responses are necessary in order to design novel, environmentally friendly disease control strategies. Plants use their innate immune system, which is triggered by two types of signals, to resist infection by diverse pathogens. The first is a general response that allows plants to sense pathogen-derived components commonly referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). The second is called effector-triggered immunity, which represents another level of protection against resistant pathogens that are able to suppress PAMP-induced defenses. The two immune responses have overlapping and distinct nodes. The objective of this project is to define differentially expressed plasma membrane proteins using innovative methods to elucidate the signaling perception and transduction components specific to each immune response. Some of the earliest plant immune responses emanate from the plasma membrane. The unique aspect of this study is that it addresses the very early responses in the plant defense mechanism, an area that is not very well characterized, but key to understanding the dynamics of plant innate immunity and to developing alternative strategies to prevent or control plant disease.The broader impacts of this project will contribute to science education at multiple levels. The project will result in the training of high-school students and science educators within the public school system as well as undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral scholars. One high school teacher and two high school students from Davis, California will be mentored each summer. The students and teacher will be involved in screening Arabidopsis mutant lines for disease phenotypes. A laboratory module will be developed to teach genotyping and polymerase chain reaction methodologies using the plant material screened each summer. This module will be used to educate a large number of Davis high school students as part of their biology curriculum. Taken together, the teaching and outreach components of this proposal will broadly enhance scientific understanding and career development of a diverse student body.