A Kilopixel, 2-Color, TES-Based Bolometer Camera for the IRAM 30 m Telescope

毫米/亚毫米光谱区域是电磁频谱中最后受益于技术基础发展的区域之一，这些技术可以实现多像素、高效的辐射检测。过渡边缘传感器（TES）是工作在超导温度边界附近的小型辐射热计，可以以阵列形式构建，以有效地检测扩展图像上的亚毫米和毫米波发射。这些阵列的主要科学应用之一是在高红移探测非常年轻和模糊的星系，这些星系在红外和亚毫米光谱区域发射大部分光线，并提供早期恒星形成和中心黑洞形成和演化的直接信息。为了解决这些科学问题，约翰·霍普金斯大学的约翰内斯·斯塔格恩博士打算在先前美国国家科学基金会支持的、基于es的毫米波仪器GIZMO的成功基础上，采用更大画幅、更低噪声、双波段相机GIZMO-2。当与世界上最大的毫米波望远镜（30米IRAM望远镜）一起使用时，1.2毫米波长的1280像素阵列将利用几乎整个可用视场（5 x 4弧分），像素略小于衍射极限（~9弧秒），并且能够比当今任何其他可用的相机更有效地绘制毫米波天空。同时，用2mm阵列进行的测量将提供两色信息，可用于获得原始源红移。GIZMO-2的开发费用分摊是通过几个机构的参与进行的。美国宇航局/戈达德太空飞行中心提供TES阵列，而国家标准与技术研究所提供最先进的超导量子干涉装置（SQUID）多路读出器。NSF负责低温仪器、光学、集成等，使用天文科学部通过其先进技术和仪器项目提供的资金。

The mm/sub-mm spectral region is one of the last in the electromagnetic spectrum to benefit from fundamental developments in technology that lead to many-pixel, efficient detection of radiation. Transition Edge Sensors (TES) are small bolometers operating near the superconducting temperature boundary that can be constructed in array formats to efficiently detect sub-mm and mm-wave emission over an extended image. One of the primary scientific applications of these arrays is the detection of very young and obscured galaxies at high redshift that emit most of their light in the infrared and sub-mm spectral regions and provide direct information on early-epoch star formation and the formation and evolution of central black holes.To attack these scientific problems, Dr. Johannes Staguhn of Johns Hopkins intends to build on the success of a previous NSF-supported TES-based mm-wave instrument called GIZMO with a larger format, lower-noise, two-band camera dubbed GIZMO-2. When used with the largest mm-wave telescope in the world - the 30-m IRAM telescope - the 1280-pixel array for the 1.2 mm wavelength will take advantage of nearly the entire usable field of view (5 x 4 arcminutes) with pixels somewhat smaller than the diffraction limit of ~9 arcseconds, and be capable of more efficiently mapping the sky at mm-wavelengths than any other camera available today. At the same time, measurements made with the 2 mm array will provide 2-color information that can be used to obtain crude source redshifts.Cost-sharing for the development of GIZMO-2 is occurring through the participation of several agencies. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center is providing the TES arrays, while the National Institute of Standards and Technology is supplying the state-of-the-art Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) multiplexed readouts. NSF is responsible for the cryogenic apparatus, optics, integration, etc, using funding provided by the Division of Astronomical Sciences through its Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation program.