Impact of Nonmigrating Tides on the Thermospheric Energy Budget and Constituents

该项目的目的是描述和了解非迁移潮汐对电离层-热层系统高层大气学重要参数的影响，如成分、红外发射率和热层能量收支。非迁移潮汐是普遍存在的，并且已知会发生在中性风、温度、中性密度和电离层参数（如等离子体密度和电场）中。它们表现在经度和当地时间的变化上，最近从地面和空间进行的观测表明，这一点很重要。根据这些新的发现，在热层成分和向低层大气和空间发射的红外能量中，也可能存在重大的非迁移潮汐变化。这种变化将以各种方式影响电离层-热层系统，包括其光化学、能量收支和中性等离子体耦合。调查将审查[O]/[N2]柱密度比和一氧化氮和二氧化碳能量体积排放率的潮汐变化，将其与温度和风的潮汐定量联系起来，并评估中性等离子体耦合的相对重要性以及作为季节和太阳周期函数的热层能量收支。为实现这一目标，该项目将协同利用TIMED卫星上GUVI和SABER仪器的数据以及现有的基于观测的热大气层温度和风潮模型。GUVI将提供[O]/[N2]柱密度和SABER一氧化氮和二氧化碳体积排放率，分别为5.3微米和15微米。该项目将支持一个博士学位。学生，并让暑期本科生参与研究。非迁移潮汐主要起源于对流层，因为热量是通过表面附近的蒸发和冷凝释放的。因此，所要研究的影响是衡量地球空间对对流层天气的反应以及能量和动量如何从低层大气传输到高层大气的一个尺度。这项研究将提供一个重要的中性等离子体耦合过程，潮汐[O]/[N2]的变化，这是目前的机械和第一原理模型预测的观测约束。它将首次深入了解天气对地球“自然恒温器”的影响，即5.3微米的一氧化氮排放，热量和太阳能通过这种排放有效地从热层损失到太空和低层大气。

This project aims to delineate and understand the impact of non-migrating tides on parameters important to the aeronomy of the ionosphere-thermosphere system, such as constituents, infrared emission rates and the thermospheric energy budget. Non-migrating tides are pervasive and known to occur in neutral winds, temperature, neutral density, and ionospheric parameters such as plasma densities and electric fields. They manifest themselves in longitude and local time variability, which recent observations from ground and space have shown to be significant. Based on these new findings, significant non-migrating tidal variations may also be present in thermospheric composition and in the infrared emission of energy to the lower atmosphere and to space. This variability will affect the ionosphere-thermosphere system in various ways, including its photochemistry, energy budget, and neutral-plasma coupling. The investigation will examine the tidal variability in [O]/[N2] column density ratio and in nitric oxide and carbon dioxide volume emission rates of energy, connect it quantitatively with the tides in temperature and winds and provide an assessment of the relative importance for neutral-plasma coupling and the thermospheric energy budget as function of season and solar cycle. Towards this goal, the project will synergistically employ data from the GUVI and SABER instruments on the TIMED satellite and an existing, observation-based model of temperature and wind tides in the thermosphere. GUVI will provide the [O]/[N2] column density and SABER nitric oxide and carbon dioxide volume emission rates of energy emitted at 5.3 microns and 15 microns, respectively. The project will support a Ph.D. student and involve summer undergraduate students in the research. Non-migrating tides largely originate in the troposphere as heat is released by evaporation and condensation near the surface. The effects to be investigated are thus a measure for the geospace response to tropospheric weather and how energy and momentum are transported from the lower into the upper atmosphere. The study will provide observational constraints for an important neutral-plasma coupling process, tidal [O]/[N2] variations, that is predicted by current mechanistic and first principles models. It will provide first insight into the weather impact on Earth's "natural thermostat", the nitric oxide 5.3 micron emissions, by which heat and solar energy are efficiently lost from the thermosphere to space and to the lower atmosphere.