SBIR Phase I: Engineered Solid Electrolyte Interphase Films for Silicon-Based Lithium Insertion Anodes

这个小企业创新研究第一阶段项目提出开发和商业化新型硅纳米线阳极，可用于安全地储存许多类型锂电池的大量锂。关键创新涉及独特的功能化和集成方法，使纳米线阳极能够可逆地循环数千次，而不会出现机械故障，团聚或有害的副反应。硅纳米线将通过化学蚀刻制造，并进行化学或电化学功能化，以提高其在锂离子电池中的性能和容量保持率。本研究的目的是开发一种新型的硅基复合阳极材料，该材料可以经受200次以上的深循环，其容量至少为1000 mA.hg-1。本研究项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力是开发容量超过1000 mA.hg-1的高容量阳极可充电锂电池，这意味着在制造或成本没有显著变化的情况下，电池容量大约翻了一番。迫切需要用于下一代混合动力车辆和全电动车辆的高能量密度可充电电池。在最近的一份报告中，美国能源部指出，广泛引入电动汽车锂基电池的主要障碍是相对较低的比能量和相对较高的每千瓦时成本。所提出的集成和表面工程方法将解决这些问题，允许在当前和未来几代锂电池的硅阳极中安全储存锂。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project proposes to develop and commercialize new types of silicon nanowire anodes which may be used to safely store large amounts of lithium for many types of lithium batteries. The key innovation involves unique functionalization and integration methods that enable nanowire anodes to be cycled reversibly for thousands of cycles without mechanical failure, agglomeration, or deleterious side reactions. Silicon nanowires will be fabricated via electroless etching, and chemically or electrochemically functionalized to improve their performance and capacity retention in a lithium-ion battery. The objective of this work is to develop novel silicon composite anodes that may undergo over 200 deep cycles with capacities of at least 1000 mA.hg-1.The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is to develop high capacity anode rechargeable lithium batteries with capacities of over 1000 mA.hg-1, which represents approximate doubling of cell capacity without a significant change in manufacturing or cost. There is a critical need for high energy density rechargeable batteries for next generation hybrid vehicles and fully electric vehicles. In a recent report, the U.S. Department of Energy pointed out that the primary obstacles to the widespread introduction of lithium-based batteries for electric vehicles are the relatively low specific energy and the relatively high cost per kWh. The proposed integration and surface engineering methods will address these problems allowing the safe storage of lithium in silicon anodes for current and future generations of lithium batteries.