SBIR Phase I: Development of Physico-Chemically & Biologically Activated Swelling Organosilica-Metal Composites Filter Media in Bioretention Systems for Enhanced Remediation o

这个小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目将开发生物保留土壤，用于修复雨水径流和使用工程玻璃材料的常见污染物。暴雨径流是非点源污染的主要组成部分。地表水、地表水和饮用水中存在过量的营养物质、金属、碳氢化合物、除草剂和药物，由于其持久性和毒性，尤其令人关注。控制径流污染物将使用工程玻璃(Osorb)-混合到生物保留系统中的金属复合材料来完成。Osorb从物理上吸收水中的各种挥发性有机污染物。Osorb将使用嵌入的催化金属颗粒对污染物进行化学修复。污染物的分解副产物可以在生物保留系统中被生物矿化，或者被生物界作为食物消费。预计在不影响系统水力性能的情况下，吸水树脂-金属复合材料改性土壤将显著提高对多种径流污染物的去除效率。这项研究的更广泛的商业影响包括：大幅减少当地的有毒径流，通过改善植物健康和土壤保水，防止洪水和财产损失，改善水生和人类健康，促进可持续的水再利用。据美国环保署估计，径流污染物每年在美国造成大量经济损失，包括：渔业每年直接损失3000多万美元，有毒关闭造成海滩旅游每年损失20多亿美元，饮用水处理厂额外处理成本1700多万美元。州政府和联邦政府正在授权地方雨水项目来控制暴雨水污染，随着监管环境的更加严格，雨水径流处理的成本预计将大幅增加。制定具有成本效益和效益的雨水最佳管理做法(BMP)将大大减少径流污染物对人类和水生健康的负面影响。西雅图市最近发布了一份2010年的研究报告，估计不受控制的暴雨径流造成的经济影响为1.13亿美元。这些费用综合了野生动物的损失、人类获得水资源的机会、水处理的额外费用以及记录在案的人类保健方面的额外费用。克利夫兰市和当地分水岭发布了一份初步报告，达到了径流水中污染物的人均成本相近的水平。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will develop bio-retention soils for the remediation of storm water runoff and common pollutants using engineered glass materials. Storm water runoff is a major component of non-point source pollution. The presence of excessive nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals in surface, ground and drinking water is of particular concern due to their persistence and toxicity. Controlling runoff pollutants will be accomplished using engineered glass (Osorb)-metal composites mixed into bio-retention systems. Osorb physically absorbs a wide variety of volatile organic pollutants from water. Osorb will chemically remediate pollutants with embedded particles of catalytic metals. Breakdown byproducts of pollutants can be biologically mineralized in bio-retention systems or consumed as foods by the biotic community. It is expected that Osorb-metal composites amended soils will have significantly improved removal efficiency of multiple runoff pollutants without compromising hydraulic performance of the systems. The broader/commercial impacts of this research include: Substantial reduction of local toxic runoffs, protection from flooding and property damage by improving plant health and water-retainment of soils, improvement of aquatic and human health, and facilitation of sustainable water reuse. It is estimated by US EPA, runoff pollutants result in a multitude of economic losses in the US annually including; $30 million + annual direct losses for fishing industries, $2 billion + annual losses for beach tourism due to toxic closures and $17 million+ extra treatment costs in drinking water treatment plants. The state and federal governments are mandating local storm water programs to control storm water pollution and the cost of storm water runoff treatment is expected to significantly increase with a stricter regulatory climate. Developing cost-effective and effective storm water best management practice (BMP) would substantially reduce negative effects of runoff pollutants on human and aquatic health. The City of Seattle recently released a 2010 study which estimated the economic impact of uncontrolled storm-water runoffs at $113M. These costs combined the demonstrated losses to wildlife, human access to water resources, added costs of water treatment and 3 documented additional costs in human health care. The City of Cleveland and the local area watersheds have released a preliminary report reaching similar per-capita costs of pollutants in runoff waters.