Pharmaceutical neuroenhancement as challenge in public and school discourse

神经增强是指为了提高表现和注意力而服用ADHD治疗和抑郁症治疗中已知的药物。正在进行的研究项目调查了相关问题（疾病和健康的差异、人类学问题、自决和真实性、社会正义以及平等机会）如何在公共话语中以及在学校内表达出来。因此，我们分析了自我决定和社会压力、表现压力和分配正义等问题的话语构成，并假设它们与教育环境相关。第一个结果表明，在公共话语中，自决的自由是普遍存在的。因此，即使存在绩效的社会压力，社会不公正的话题也不那么突出。当教师和学生提到加尔文主义的表现原则时，社会正义的遗漏也发生在学校话语中。通过要求学生努力和学校成绩的一致性，分配正义的问题以一种特殊的方式相对化：神经增强的可能性在健康和疾病之间扮演着矛盾的角色。这两篇论述都没有把疾病与健康、合法与非法的区别放在突出位置。它们通过提及自决和自我实现，以一种相当简化的方式着重于社会正义。问题是这两种话语是如何相交的，以及在神经增强的挑战下，教育领域是如何构成自己的空间的。

Neuroenhancement describes the intake of drugs that are known from ADHD therapies as well as therapies of depression for the purpose of increased performance and concentration. The ongoing research project investigates how related problems (difference of illness and health, anthropological questions, self-determination and authenticity, social justice, as well as equal opportunity) are articulated in public discourse as well as within schools. Thus, the discursive formations of problems of self-determination and social pressure, of performance pressure and distributive justice is analyzed, assuming their relevance for educational settings. First results indicate that in public discourse the freedom of self-determination is prevalent. Therefore, the topic of social injustice is less prominent even though the social pressure of performance is present. The omission of social justice also takes place within the school discourse when teachers and students refer to the Calvinist principle of performance. By requesting the correspondence of students efforts and school grades problems of distributive justice are relativized in a particular way: The possibility of neuroenhancement occupies an ambivalent role between health and illness. Both discourses do not put the distinction between disease and health, legality and illegality in the foreground. They focus on social justice in a rather simplifying way by referring to self-determination and self-realization. The question is how the two discourses do intersect and how the educational realm is constituted as its own space in view of the challenge of neuroenhancement.