Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Emotional Minority: Testing a Theoretical Model of Minority Influence, Emotion Stereotypes, and Prejudice in a Jury Deliberation Context

虽然陪审团的房间可以是一个情绪化的地方，但很少有研究探讨陪审员的情绪对审议过程的影响。三项研究将调查表达情绪如何影响一名陪审员与陪审团其他成员争论的可能性（即，顽固分子）来影响大多数人，特别是来自与情感定型相关联的群体的顽固分子（例如，“愤怒的黑人”的刻板印象）。陈规定型的少数群体往往因表达情感而受到惩罚。然而，在一个坚持陪审员的情况下，情感刻板印象可能会为坚持者提供一个独特的机会，以违反多数成员的期望，这有时会提高持少数意见的人的可信度。本研究将评估人们的性别和种族为基础的情感刻板印象（研究1），并将调查的影响，一个坚持陪审员表达这些刻板印象的情绪在陪审团审议（研究2和3）。参与者将与其他五名模拟陪审员一起参与一场关于谋杀案的计算机介导的讨论，但实际上是一个预先写好的虚构审议脚本。这些研究将测试（a）参与者是否或多或少地被那些以悲伤、愤怒或不带任何情感表达意见的拒不让步的陪审员所说服，以及（B）这些影响是否取决于拒不让步的陪审员是男性还是女性（对他们来说，悲伤是刻板的，愤怒是非刻板的），还是白色对黑人（对那些愤怒是刻板印象而悲伤是非刻板印象的人来说）这项研究将增加对情绪表达对代表性不足群体的影响的理解。可信度和在情绪化的环境中施加影响的潜力（例如，陪审团、合作者会议、招聘委员会、工作场所团体）。它还将增加对历史上代表性不足的陪审员如何通过表达对陪审团的情感来降低或提高其可信度的理解，并确保促进陪审团选择多样性的许多努力不是徒劳的。

Although the jury room can be an emotional place, little research has examined the impact of jurors' emotions on the deliberation process. Three studies will investigate how expressing emotion affects the potential for a single juror arguing against the rest of the jury (i.e., a holdout) to influence the majority, particularly holdouts from groups associated with emotion stereotypes (e.g., the "angry Black man" stereotype). Stereotyped minorities are often penalized for expressing emotions. In a holdout juror situation, however, emotion stereotypes might present a unique opportunity for the holdout to violate majority members' expectations, which sometimes enhances the credibility of people who hold a minority opinion. This research will assess people's gender- and race-based emotion stereotypes (Study 1), and will investigate the implications of a holdout juror expressing these stereotypical emotions during jury deliberation (Studies 2 and 3). Participants will engage in what appears to be a computer-mediated discussion about a murder case with five other mock jurors, but in reality is a pre-written fictional deliberation script. These studies will test (a) whether participants are more or less persuaded by holdout jurors who express their opinions with sadness, anger, or no emotion, and (b) if these effects depend on whether the holdout is a man or a woman (for whom sadness is stereotypical and anger is nonstereotypical), or a White versus Black man (for whom anger is stereotypical and sadness is nonstereotypical).The proposed research will increase understanding about the effect of emotion expression on underrepresented groups? credibility and potential to exert influence in emotionally charged settings (e.g., juries, collaborator meetings, hiring committees, workplace groups). It will also increase understanding of how historically underrepresented jurors can decrease or enhance their credibility through expressing emotion on juries, and ensure that the many efforts to promote diversity in jury selection are not futile.