Multigenerational effects of nanomaterials on populations of the ecological model Daphnia magna

为了最好地减轻纳米材料对环境的潜在负面影响，需要关于它们可能造成的损害的类型以及使其有害的纳米材料的性质的信息。利用这些信息，有可能设计出对环境影响很小的纳米材料。纳米材料的核心组成和表面化学都对水生生物如水蚤的生存和生理产生影响。初步实验表明，纳米材料暴露的潜在影响从母代延伸到后续未暴露的世代。这个项目将研究在一代人中接触纳米材料如何影响后代，以及它们如何导致这些多代人的影响。此外，这些实验将检验纳米材料的化学变化如何影响代际效应。大型水生生物将被用作模式水生生物，因为它们是确定生态影响的模式物种，现在是研究毒素与基因组相互作用的公认模式物种。利用这种物种，纳米粒子实验的结果可以与已经为其他化学和环境应激源开发的基因组和毒理学信息进行比较。这种方法将提供对化学如何在纳米材料-有机体相互作用中发挥作用的洞察，并将提供用其他类型的粒子进行测试的假设和方法。通过与NIST合作，将开发出标准化程序，供科学界其他人使用，以评估其他纳米材料的健康和安全。最终的产品将不仅是一系列不同纳米材料的毒理学数据，还将是评估其他纳米材料的工具。该项目还将涉及对学生进行生态学、毒理学、基因组学和工程学的跨学科培训。

1134013KlaperIn order to best mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts of nanomaterials, information is needed regarding the types of damage they may cause and the properties of nanomaterials that make them harmful. Using this information brings the possibility of engineering nanomaterials that have the little environmental impact. Nanomaterial core composition and surface chemistry both have an influence on the survival and physiology of aquatic organisms such as Daphnia. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated a potential impact of nanomaterial exposure that extends beyond the parent generation to subsequent unexposed generations. This project will examine how exposure to nanomaterials in one generation can impact subsequent generations and how they may cause these multi-generational impacts. In addition, these experiments will examine how changes in the chemistry of nanomaterials can influence intergenerational effects. Daphnia magna will be used as a model aquatic organism as they are a model species to determine ecological impacts and are now a recognized model species for studies of the interaction of toxins with the genome. Using this species, results from nanoparticle experiments can be compared to genomic and toxicology information that has already been developed for other chemical and environmental stressors. This approach will provide insight into how chemistry can play a role in nanomaterial-organism interactions and will provide hypotheses and methods with which to test with other types of particles. By working with NIST, standardized procedures will be developed that can be used by others in the scientific community to evaluate health and safety of other nanomaterials. The ultimate product will be not only toxicological data on a diverse set of nanomaterials but a tool with which to evaluate other nanomaterials. This project will also involve cross-disciplinary training of students in ecology, toxicology, genomics and engineering.