Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Value of Reciprocity: Copper, Exchange, and Social Interaction in the Middle Atlantic Region of the Eastern Woodlands

生活在东部林地的美洲原住民从4500多年前就开始参与广泛的贸易网络。这些网络构成了这些古代人口社会制度的重要组成部分。有证据表明，铜等外来资源的贸易很普遍，尽管人们对其来源和范围知之甚少，特别是在大西洋中部地区。在R.Michael Stewart博士的指导下，Gregory Lattanzi将研究伍德兰早期和中期(公元前600年至公元800年)铜文物的化学组成，以便更多地了解这个以前研究很少的地区的史前社会组织。这项工作可以概括为在简单的技术组织层面上提供对促进社会秩序和社会融合的机制的基本洞察。早期和中期林地时期的特点是群体互动和社会复杂性增加，如仪式化的埋葬和异国文物，如铜。Lattanzi先生使用一种最先进的技术--激光烧蚀多收集器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)，对这一时期几个重要遗址的铜文物进行了初步表征，这些遗址包括新泽西州的雅培农场国家历史地标和罗森克兰渡口遗址、马里兰州的纳萨万戈遗址和纽约的埋葬岭。通过对在这些遗址发现的铜器进行化学分析，并将它们与整个大西洋中部的各种铜地质来源进行比较，拉坦兹旨在证明古代居民使用的铜的来源，从而提供有关现有贸易网络的类型和范围的信息。此外，通过比较在单一地点(缓存)发现的单个文物的化学成分，他将确定是否有一个或多个贸易网络在运行，以及这些网络是否随着时间的推移而发生变化。该项目直接帮助拉坦齐先生的研究生教育。它还将更广泛地促进与公共和私人博物馆和大学的合作。这将为将研究纳入教育和公共传播创造新的机会。这项研究的结果将通过同行评议的出版物传播，原始数据将在互联网上免费提供，供公众使用。密苏里大学研究反应堆考古实验室的LA-MC-ICPMS设备的使用有助于完成该机构的使命，即为科学研究做出贡献，并培训学生掌握尖端分析技术。

Native Americans living in the Eastern Woodlands participated in extensive trade networks beginning over 4,500 years ago. These networks formed an important part of the social systems of these ancient populations. There is evidence for widespread trade in exotic resources like copper, though little is known about its origin and extent particularly in the Middle Atlantic region. Under the guidance of Dr. R. Michael Stewart, Gregory Lattanzi will study the chemical make-up of copper artifacts dating from the Early and Middle Woodland periods (600 BC to AD 800) in order to learn more about prehistoric social organization in a region that has previously been poorly studied. The work can be generalized provide basic insight into the mechanisms which function to promote social order and integration in societies at a simple level of technological organization.The Early and Middle Woodland periods are characterized by increasing group interactions and social complexity, as evidenced by ritualized burials and exotic artifacts such as copper. Mr. Lattanzi use a state-of-the-art technique, Laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS), to elementally characterize copper artifacts from several significant sites from this time period including the Abbott Farm National Historic Landmark and the Rosenkrans Ferry site in New Jersey, the Nassawango site in Maryland, and Burial Ridge in New York. By chemically analyzing copper artifacts found at these sites, and comparing them to various geological sources of copper located throughout the Middle Atlantic, Mr. Lattanzi aims to demonstrate the origin of copper used by ancient populations, thus providing information about the type and extent of the trade network that existed. Further, by comparing the chemical makeup of individual artifacts found at a single location (cache) he will determine if one or multiple trade networks were in operation and if those networks changed over time. The project directly assist in Mr. Lattanzi's graduate student education. It will also more broadly promote collaboration with public and private museums and universities. This will create new opportunities for incorporating research into education, and public dissemination. The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, and raw data will be freely available on the Internet for public use. The use of LA-MC-ICP-MS facilities at the Archaeometry Laboratory at the University of Missouri Research Reactor helps to fulfill this institution's mission to contribute to scientific research and training students in cutting-edge analytic technology.