Historical naming traditions and cryptic speciation bias biodiversity estimates in transatlantic agaric fungi

美国东部是一个生物多样性特别丰富的地区。但对于环境健康的关键组成部分真菌来说，这种生物多样性被严重低估了，原因有两个：1)地下隐藏的多样性水平显著但未知；2)传统的真菌学家错误地使用了北美物种的欧洲名称，假设真菌物种分布广泛。本研究利用形态学检查、分子数据和交配研究来估计木耳真菌的隐藏多样性水平，并评估欧洲和北美真菌不同物种的程度。美国的研究区域集中在美国生物多样性的热点地区之一，包括大烟山国家公园在内的阿巴拉契亚山脉南部。欧洲的研究领域集中在传统欧洲名字的两个重要位置。该研究将提供南部阿巴拉契亚地区隐藏多样性的估计，并确定分子数据和估计物种边界的方法是否可以有效地用于评估木耳真菌的生物多样性和加速分类发现。通过进一步评估和记录阿巴拉契亚南部真菌的生物多样性，该项目将有助于了解该地区独特生物多样性的起源和维持，并将为大烟山国家公园的所有分类群生物多样性清单做出贡献。随着全球气候变化的开始，了解生物多样性的模式变得越来越紧迫。土地利用和保护决策依赖于与物种名称有关的生物多样性和地方性的估计。如果这些数据不准确，保护决定可能无法保护本地生物多样性。

The Eastern United States is an area of exceptional biodiversity. But for fungi, a critical component of environmental health, this biodiversity is significantly underestimated for two reasons: 1) there is a significant but unknown level of hidden diversity underground and 2) traditional mycologists incorrectly used European names for North American species, assuming that fungal species were widely distributed. This study uses morphological examination, molecular data and mating studies to estimate levels of hidden diversity in agaric fungi and to evaluate the extent to which European and North American fungi are different species. The American study area focuses on one of the biodiversity hot spots in the United States, the southern Appalachian Mountains including the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The European study areas focus on two essential locations for traditional European names. The study will provide estimates of hidden diversity in the southern Appalachians and determine if molecular data and methods for estimating species boundaries can be effectively used to evaluate biodiversity in agaric fungi and accelerate taxonomic discovery. By further evaluating and documenting fungal biodiversity in the southern Appalachians, this project will contribute towards understanding the origins and maintenance of the exceptional biodiversity of the region and will contribute to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Understanding patterns of biodiversity has become increasingly urgent with the onset of global climate change. Land use and conservation decisions rely on estimates of biodiversity and endemism which are tied to species names. If these are inaccurate, conservation decisions may fail to protect native biodiversity.