CAREER: Studies of Dynamics and Control of Quantum Many-Body Systems Far from Equilibrium

技术总结该奖项支持远离平衡的量子多体系统的理论研究和教育。主要有三个研究方向：1.远离平衡的可积和不可积系统的输运性质：PI将集中在建立弹道和扩散输运行为的条件上。这两种情况都将被考虑，孤立系统和在不同温度下与两个热浴相互作用的系统的情况。2.孤立量子多体系统的热化条件。有人认为，当系统的本征态变得混沌时，就达到了热平衡。然而，仍有一些悬而未决的问题。PI将调查系统如何松弛到平衡，特别是当包括防止热化的因素时。PI的目的还在于为脱离平衡的系统发展一个适当的熵定义。新的量子控制方法的发展，以诱导期望的传输行为。PI的目标是开发工具，通过动态解耦技术，实现对非平衡量子多体系统的理论和实验研究感兴趣的状态和阶段。这三条研究线将并行发展，并被相似系统不同方面研究产生的协同效应放大。实验将激励将要使用的模型的选择。其中包括关于磁性化合物中热输运的实验；关于光学晶格中捕获的超冷原子的热化和量子相变的实验；以及关于自旋系统中磁化和信息传输的控制的实验。该奖项还支持教育和外联活动，目标是：继续让女本科生参与研究项目，部分是通过受研究启发的新项目；使耶希瓦大学斯特恩女子学院的课程现代化，开设新课程，使所有理科学生在本科学习初期接触编程和现代物理概念；创建一个网页，张贴课程和研究项目的计算机代码及其解释，旨在促进其他机构的教学和研究一体化；并为纽约地区的高中生提供研究机会。非技术性总结该奖项支持有关热、磁和信息如何通过电子系统传播的理论研究和教育，或者更广泛地说，通过量子力学定律描述的许多相互作用的粒子系统传播。这些系统通常离平衡状态很远。PI旨在促进对非平衡量子物理的理解，非平衡量子物理远比平衡量子物理了解得少。这项研究可能会产生超出特定背景的影响，并可能对从物理、化学、材料到生物学和气候等其他学科产生影响。这个项目的具体目标包括了解远离平衡的系统的行为如何随时间展开，这些系统最终如何松弛到达到平衡，以及如何控制和操纵非平衡系统以产生期望的结果。从技术角度来看，了解和控制相互作用粒子的量子系统中的热、磁化和信息的传输是至关重要的。例如，微芯片和硬盘等新电子设备的开发中最具挑战性的方面之一是减轻局部供热。在磁化电流的水平上，对磁化输运的理解和控制对于自旋电子学是至关重要的，在自旋电子学中，除了电子电荷之外，还可以利用电子的磁性来进行器件操作。量子计算和量子信息处理可能使计算能力和安全加密技术发生革命性变化，也需要有效的信息传输方法。该奖项还支持教育和外展活动，目标是：继续让女本科生参与研究项目，部分是通过受研究启发的新项目；在耶希瓦大学斯特恩女子学院开设新课程，使所有理科学生在本科学习的早期阶段接触编程和现代物理概念；创建一个网页，用于张贴课程和研究项目的计算机代码及其解释，旨在促进其他机构的教学和研究一体化；并为纽约地区的高中生提供研究机会。

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education on quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium. There are three main research thrusts:1. Transport properties of integrable and nonintegrable systems far from equilibrium: The PI will focus on the conditions under which ballistic and diffusive transport behaviors are established. Both will be considered, that of isolated systems and that of systems interacting with two heat baths at different temperatures. 2. The conditions for thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems. It has been argued that thermal equilibrium is achieved when the eigenstates of the system become chaotic. However, open questions remain. The PI will investigate how the system relaxes to equilibrium, particularly when the factors that prevent thermalization are included. The PI also aims to develop a proper definition of entropy for systems out of equilibrium.3. The development of new quantum control methods to induce a desired transport behavior. The PI aims to develop tools to achieve, through dynamical decoupling techniques, regimes and phases of interest for theoretical and experimental studies of nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems.These three research lines will be developed in parallel being amplified by the synergies that result from the study of different aspects of similar systems. Experiments will motivate the choice of models that will be used. Among these are experiments on thermal transport in magnetic compounds; on thermalization and quantum phase transitions in ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices; and on control of magnetization and information transfer in spin systems. This award also supports education and outreach activities with the goals: to continue engaging female undergraduate students in research projects, in part through new projects inspired by the research; to modernize the curriculum at Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University with new courses that expose all science students to programming and to concepts of modern physics at an early stage of their undergraduate studies; to create a webpage for posting computer codes from courses and research projects together with their explanations, aiming at contributing to the integration of teaching and research at other institutions; and to offer research opportunities for high school students in the New York area.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education on how heat, magnetism, and information propagate through systems of electrons, or more generally through systems of many interacting particles that are described by the laws of quantum mechanics. These systems are generally very far from the balanced state of equilibrium. The PI aims to advance understanding of nonequilibrium quantum physics which is far less understood than equilibrium quantum physics. The research is likely to have impact beyond the specific context and may have impact on other disciplines from physics, chemistry, and materials to biology and climate. Specific goals of this project include understanding how the behavior of systems that are far from equilibrium unfolds with time, how such systems eventually relax to reach equilibrium, and how can nonequilibrium systems be controlled and manipulated to produce a desired outcome.From a technological perspective, understanding and controlling the transport of heat, magnetization, and information in quantum systems of interacting particles is vital. One of the most challenging aspects in the development of new electronic devices, such as microchips and hard disks, for instance, is the mitigation of local heating. At the level of magnetization currents, the understanding and control of magnetization transport are essential for spintronics, where the magnetic properties of the electron are exploited in addition to the electron charge for device operation. Quantum computation and quantum information processing, which may revolutionize computation capabilities and encryption technology for security, also require efficient methods for the transport of information.This award also supports education and outreach activities with the goals: to continue engaging female undergraduate students in research projects, in part through new projects inspired by the research; to modernize the curriculum at Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University with new courses that expose all science students to programming and to concepts of modern physics at an early stage of their undergraduate studies; to create a webpage for posting computer codes from courses and research projects together with their explanations, aiming at contributing to the integration of teaching and research at other institutions; and to offer research opportunities for high school students in the New York area.