Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Ideology and Political Organization in the Middle Lambayeque Valley, Northern North Coast of Peru

在Prudence Rice博士的指导下，Cristina Rospigliosi女士将在位于Perú北部北海岸Lambayeque山谷的Luya(公元900-1350/1375年)中晚期西卡恩遗址进行考古研究。卢亚由公共建筑组成，以围绕开放空间建造的12个土坯堆为特色。该遗址被描述为佛罗里达州首府维斯塔和西肯州首府西坎遗址的重要公共中心和卫星。卢亚很重要，因为它将有助于洞察北海岸一个重要但以前从未探索过的话题：早期国家首府和二线城市之间的功能角色和关系，特别是意识形态的作用。尽管研究的是过去的一段时间，但这项研究在今天具有直接的意义，因为它提供了对传统社会区域组织的基础机制的洞察，以及意识形态在将它们整合为功能单位方面可能发挥的作用。这类信息将与理解目前在世界多个地区开展的进程有关。考古学方法有能力在世纪和千年的时间尺度上追踪这种过程。中西堪政体的特点是一个中央集权的宗教国家，对兰贝耶克地区的六个毗连山谷施加意识形态控制。但还没有进行考古研究，以检验在这种状态下，遗址核心之外的二级遗址的功能、作用和关系。此外，早期的民族历史记录将地区政治描述为相互独立，而不是在中央政府的领导下整合。虽然意识形态在古代政治中的作用是安第斯考古学中的一个重要课题，但通常没有人通过分析纪念性建筑的数据来研究这一问题。为了了解超出其核心区域的西堪政体中的社会政治关系，这项研究有三个目标：(1)确定卢亚的社会政治功能；(2)确定假设在整个政体中共享的西卡恩意识形态元素是否可以在卢亚找到；以及(3)记录西卡恩中后期腹地遗址的空间、物质文化和政治变化。在卢亚为期六个月的实地考察工作将包括在三个土丘上进行挖掘，从土丘上挖掘试坑，以及绘制揭示的建筑地图。建筑分析将包括空间组织、活动背景和建筑技术(例如，建筑室、土坯建造者的标记)，并将其与西肯遗址公布的数据进行比较。除了论文本身，更广泛的影响包括培训秘鲁考古学学生作为野外和实验室助理。该项目还旨在提高当地社区对其西班牙裔前纪念碑和遗产的重要性的认识。卢亚一直并将继续遭到严重掠夺，社会经济因素以及对考古遗址的文化和可持续价值缺乏了解加剧了这一问题。因此，每月将举办两次社区讲习班，并在当地公立学校举办讲座，解释卢亚科学考古发掘的结果，从而将有关文化遗产的信息联系起来。同样，现场工作将由一组当地工人进行。考虑到该地区考古修复项目目前的价值，该项目将为当地人提供基本工具，以组织未来的保护、管理和可持续的经济和遗产项目，如旅游。

Under the direction of Dr. Prudence Rice, Ms. Cristina Rospigliosi will conduct archaeological research at the Middle/Late Sicán site of Luya (A.D. 900-1350/1375), located in the Lambayeque Valley on the northern north coast of Perú. Luya is composed of public architecture, featuring twelve adobe mounds built around an open space. The site has been described as an important public center and satellite both of the regional capital of Vista Florida, and of the Sicán Site, the capital of the Sicán state. Luya is important because it will contribute insight into an important but previously unexplored topic on the north coast: the functional roles and relations between capital cities and second-tier sites in early states, especially the role of ideology.Although dealing with a past time period the research has direct relevance today because it provides insight into the mechanisms which underlie the regional organization of traditional societies and the role which ideology may play in integrating them into functioning units. Such information would be relevant to understanding processes which are currently being played out in multiple parts of the world. An archaeological approach has the ability of tracing such processes on century and millennial time scales.The Middle Sicán polity has been characterized as a centralized religious state exerting ideological control over six contiguous valleys in the Lambayeque region. But no archaeological research has been carried out to examine the function, role, and relations of second-tier sites in this state, outside the site core. Moreover, early ethnohistorical records depict regional polities as independent from each other, rather than integrated under a central government. And although the role of ideology in ancient polities is an important topic in Andean archaeology, it has not been commonly studied by analyzing data from monumental architecture.To understand socio-political relations in the Sicán polity beyond its core area, this research has three goals: (1) to determine the socio-political function of Luya; (2) to determine if elements of the Sicán ideology assumed to be shared throughout the polity can be identified at Luya; and (3) to record spatial, material cultural, and political changes between the Middle and Late Sicán periods at a hinterland site. Six months of fieldwork at Luya will include excavations at three mounds, test pits off the mounds, and mapping of revealed architecture. Architectural analyses will include spatial organization, activity contexts, and building techniques (e.g., construction chambers, adobe builders' marks), which will be compared to published data from the Sicán Site.Broader impacts, beyond the dissertation itself, include the training of Peruvian archaeology students as field and lab assistants. The project also aims to create awareness among the local community about the importance of their pre-Hispanic monuments and heritage. Luya has been and continues to be heavily looted, a problem fueled by socioeconomic factors and a lack of knowledge about the cultural and sustainable value of archaeological sites. Community workshops will thus be organized twice a month, along with lectures at local public schools, to explain the results of the scientific archaeological excavations at Luya, thus contextualizing the information about cultural heritage. Likewise, fieldwork will be carried out by a crew of local workers. Considering the current value of archaeological restoration projects in the region, this project will provide local people with the basic tools to organize future conservation, management, and sustainable economic and heritage projects such as tourism.