CAREER: Adjoint-based control of human phonation

1150439人的声音来自于柔韧的声带和由隔膜通过声门的空气强迫产生的短暂声门射流之间的复杂相互作用。受伤的声带干扰了说话，人们几乎不知道如何有效地恢复失去的声音。第一原理是对动态声带的三维模拟，这些声带与经过声带的空气的非稳定、湍流运动相耦合，并产生来自鼻子和嘴巴的声场，将通过定量确定声源和利用新的多物理优化方法来指导语音恢复方法，以找到通过声带增强来恢复丢失的声音的有效方法。从新获得的静态和动态MRI数据中获取的真实几何图形，以及相应的声学测量，将提供验证。预测和控制声带模拟的结果将提供关于人类发声的新的和完整的信息，为失声后恢复声音提供指导，以及发声及其对声带改变的敏感性的低阶近似动力学模型。数值数据集、它们的降阶描述和验证数据将提供可靠的数据库，在此基础上利用功能磁共振建立跨领域的脑-语音耦合生物医学研究，并为特定患者的声带修复手术指明道路。新的基于伴随的优化方法适用于发声以外的多种流动，包括高度灵活的生物启发工程系统的优化、生物超声和边界层控制。这项工作也将是一个多层次教育计划的中心主题。流体-结构优化方法将被纳入研究生水平的教学中，而简化的流体-结构相互作用算法将通过基于问题的学习的微型项目被引入本科数值算法课程。通过NSF和NASA项目的暑期本科生研究经验将被用来吸引和留住来自代表性不足群体的工程学学生。此外，人类发声和生物发声将是STEM K-12推广项目的中心主题：一个以伊利诺伊大学为基础的项目，以及一个更大的全国性STEM项目的一部分。外展项目的目标是高中生，最终让学生们建立一个机械喉咙，并亲眼看到发声的过程。

1150439BodonyThe human voice comes from a complex interaction between the flexible vocal folds and the transient glottal jet induced by air forced by the diaphragm through the glottis. Traumatized vocal folds disrupt speech and little is known how to efficiently recover the lost voice. First-principles, three-dimensional simulations of the dynamic vocal folds coupled to the unsteady, turbulent motion of the air past them, and resulting acoustic field from the nose and mouth, will guide voice recovery methods by quantitatively determining the acoustic source and by utilizing a new multi-physics optimization methodology to find effective methods of recovering lost voice via vocal fold augmentation. Realistic geometries taken from newly acquired static and dynamic MRI data, along with corresponding acoustic measurements, will provide validation. Results from predictive and controlled vocal fold simulations will provide new and complete information on human voice production, guidance for restoring the voice after its loss, and low-order, approximate dynamical models of phonation and its sensitivity to vocal fold modification.The numerical datasets, their reduced order descriptions, and the validation data will provide a reliable database on which to build cross-cutting biomedical investigations of brain-speech coupling using functional MRI as well as showing a path towards patient-specific vocal fold restorative surgeries. The new adjoint-based optimization methodology is applicable to a broad class of flows beyond phonation, including optimization of highly flexible bio-inspired engineering systems, biological sonation, and boundary layer control. The work will also be the central theme in a multi-level education program. The fluid-structure optimization methodology will be incorporated into graduate level instruction while simplified fluid-structure interaction algorithms will be brought into an undergraduate course on numerical algorithms through mini-projects using problem-based learning. Summer undergraduate research experience through NSF and NASA programs will be used to attract and retain engineering students from under-represented groups. Further, human phonation and biological sonation will be central themes in STEM K-12 outreach programs: one based at the University of Illinois and one part of a larger, national STEM effort. The outreach programs are aimed at high school students and culminate with the students building a mechanical larynx and seeing for themselves the process of phonation.