Supernova Remnants: TeV emission from sources of nonthermal interstellar medium energy

超新星爆炸时喷射到星际空间的物质会产生一个扩展的物体，称为超新星遗迹。在这样的残骸中形成的向外运动的冲击波中，粒子被加速到非常高的能量。最后在超新星遗迹的寿命结束时，所有这些粒子都被释放到星际空间。这些粒子充满了我们的整个银河系，当它们从各个方向轰击地球时，被检测到是宇宙射线。在拟议的项目中，对我们银河系中这种超新星遗迹及其周围环境的天文观测将用于研究这些高能宇宙射线粒子，因为它们被加速并随后离开加速地点。为了观察这些高能粒子，需要探测到具有TeV能量的相关光子（1 TeV =可见光子能量的1，000，000，000倍）。TeV光子最好用地面切伦科夫望远镜观察，例如高能立体镜系统H.E.S.S.通过利用观测和超新星遗迹模型，彻底了解这些粒子加速并注入星际空间时的路径，该项目旨在为在这些宇宙射线粒子密度最高的位置研究星际介质奠定基础。

The matter that is ejected during a supernova explosion into interstellar space creates an extended object which is called supernova remnant. In the outward moving shock waves that form in such a remnant, particles are accelerated to very high energies. Latest at the end of the supernova remnant’s lifetime, all these particles are released into interstellar space. The particles fill up our entire Galaxy and are detected as cosmic rays when they bombard Earth from all directions. In the proposed project, astronomical observations of such supernova remnants and their surroundings in our Galaxy will be used to investigate these high energy cosmic ray particles as they are accelerated and subsequently leave the accelerating sites. To observe these highly energetic particles, associated photons with TeV energies need to be detected (1 TeV = 1,000,000,000,000 times the energy of a visible photon). TeV photons are best observed with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes, such as the High Energy Sterescopic System H.E.S.S. With a thorough understanding of the paths of these particles as they are accelerated and injected into interstellar space, using both observations and supernova remnant models, the project aims at setting the stage for investigations of the interstellar medium at locations where the density of these cosmic ray particles is highest.