Gauging American Attitudes Toward Minorities, 1920s-1960s

霍华德·舒曼密歇根大学摘要调查美国人对少数民族的态度，1920 -1960年代调查数据为过去70年来美国白人对黑人态度的变化提供了系统的证据，因为非洲裔美国人的权利——以及后来的其他少数民族——作为“权利革命”的一部分而扩大。然而，在20世纪40年代中期调查开始收集趋势数据之前，人们对白人种族态度的演变知之甚少。我们的第一个研究目标是通过对1929年至1946年期间主要报纸和全国性杂志上的文章样本进行内容分析，调查种族态度的趋势。我们的第二个研究目标在一定程度上是方法论的，主要是对1946年至1965年的调查，在这一时期，关于种族态度的调查数据越来越多。使用同样的方法，我们也将对这几年进行内容分析，使我们能够将两个时代的内容分析与通过反复调查确定的种族态度趋势进行比较。更广泛的影响本研究的结果旨在提高我们对大萧条和第二次世界大战期间公众对少数民族的态度的理解。这些实质性的发现可能会引起公众和学者的兴趣。该研究还试图做出认识论上的贡献：在这种情况下，我们对种族态度如何变化的理解受到了二战后才有趋势数据这一事实的限制。通过对二战前后大众媒体资源的内容分析得出的结论，将有助于我们评估我们对种族关系的历史理解程度，以及衡量种族态度的方法，以及每种方法的优势和局限性。

SES-1155146Howard SchumanUniversity of MichiganAbstractGauging American Attitudes Toward Minorities, 1920s-1960sSurvey data provide systematic evidence on changing attitudes of white Americans toward black Americans over the past 70 years, as the rights of African Americans -- and later of other minorities -- expanded as part of the "rights revolution." Little is known about the evolution of white racial attitudes prior to the mid-1940s, however, when surveys began to gather trend data. Our first research goal is to investigate trends in racial attitudes through a content analysis of a sample of articles in key newspapers and national magazines from the period 1929-1946. Our second research goal is partly methodological, and centers on an investigation of the years 1946-1965, a period in which survey data on racial attitudes became increasingly available. Using the same approach, we will carry out a content analysis for these years as well, allowing us to compare the content analysis from both eras with racial attitude trends identified by means of repeated surveys. Broader ImpactsFindings from this research seek to improve our understanding of public attitudes toward minorities during the period of the Great Depression and World War II years. The substantive findings may be of interest to the general public and scholars. The study also seeks to make an epistemological contribution: In this case, our understanding of how racial attitudes have changed has been limited by the fact that trend data have only been available since the post-WW2 era. Findings from this content analysis of mass media sources pre- and post-WW2 will help us assess the degree to our historical understanding of race relations reflects the methodologies used to gauge racial attitudes, and the advantages and limitations of each.