GOALI : 21st century Pd-based three-way catalysts: Controlling structure-activity relationships through the understanding of aging dynamics and in-situ regeneration

摘要：schwank， john众所周知，车辆的催化排放控制策略会对车辆的燃油经济性造成影响。随着大幅度提高企业平均燃油经济性的要求，这种燃油经济性处罚将不再被接受，需要一种新的汽油车排放控制催化方法。该GOALI提案汇集了来自学术界和工业界的研究人员，旨在详细了解新的燃油经济性动力总成技术，如油电混合动力、发动机启停功能、直喷小尺寸涡轮增压发动机，以及使用重新配方的汽油或E-85，如何影响现有三元钯催化剂材料的功能和失活性模式。该提案还将解决在实际运行过程中减少甚至逆转催化剂失活的方法。传统上，催化剂失活只是从死后的角度来看的。当暴露于发动机在各种废气环境和温度制度下运行时，排放控制催化剂中发生的随时间变化的调查缺乏。密歇根大学的Johannes Schwank教授、兼任教授Galen Fisher和陈晓银博士将与福特汽车公司的Robert McCabe博士密切合作，利用复杂的探针反应分析和表征技术来阐明Pd催化剂从初始状态到最终状态的完整演变。目的是寻找机会，以减轻催化剂失活或逆转失活过程的方式来改变发动机的操作。假设不同的老化方案导致催化剂结构和性能的不同结果。这一假设将通过在不同老化阶段的综合催化剂表征工作来验证。就更广泛的影响而言，这项研究将有助于未来汽车排放控制技术的设计，同时也将提高现有汽车尾气催化剂技术的性能和耐久性。研究结果将有助于开发跟踪车辆老化过程的方法，从而避免严重的老化模式，或者在不同的点上积极干预以保存或再生催化剂。考虑到这两个机构的密切关系，该项目将为福特的研究人员提供机会参加在UM的实验，并为UM的教职员工和学生提供在福特工业研究实验室工作的经验，从而为学生提供超越典型学术环境的教育体验。

Abstract#1159279Schwank, JohannesIt is well-known that catalytic emission control strategies for vehicles exact a toll on vehicle fuel economy. With the requirements to drastically increase the corporate average fuel economy, such fuel economy penalties will no longer be acceptable, and a new approach to gasoline vehicle emission control catalysis is needed. This GOALI proposal brings together a team of researchers from academia and industry in a quest to arrive at a detailed understanding how new fuel economy-enabling powertrain technologies such as gasoline-electric hybrids, engine start-stop features, down-sized turbocharged engines with direct injection, and use of reformulated gasoline or E-85 impacts the function and deactivation modes of existing three-way Pd catalyst materials. The proposal will also address methods for curtailing and, ideally even reversing catalyst deactivation on the vehicle during actual operation. Traditionally, catalyst deactivation has only been looked at from a post mortem perspective. There is a dearth of investigations of the time-dependent changes occurring in emission control catalysts when exposed to emissions from engines operating under various exhaust gas environments and temperature regimes. Professor Johannes Schwank, Adjunct Professor Galen Fisher, and Dr. Xiaoyin Chen at the University of Michigan will closely collaborate with Dr. Robert McCabe at Ford Motor Company to utilize sophisticated probe reaction analysis and characterization techniques to elucidate the complete evolution of the Pd catalyst from its initial to final states, with the goal of identifying opportunities to modify the engine operation in ways that either mitigate catalyst deactivation or reverse deactivation processes. The hypothesis is that different aging protocols lead to different outcomes in catalyst structure and performance. This hypothesis will be tested by a comprehensive catalyst characterization effort at different stages of aging. In terms of broader impact, this research will aid the design of future automotive emission control technologies, while also improving the performance and durability of existing automotive exhaust catalyst technologies. The results will assist in developing methods to track the aging process on the vehicle and either avoid severe aging modes or actively intervene at various points to preserve or regenerate the catalyst. Given the close proximity of the two institutions, the project will provide opportunities for Ford researchers to participate in experiments at UM, and UM faculty and students to experience working in an industrial research laboratory at Ford, thereby giving the students an educational experience that goes beyond typical academic settings.