Linguistic Ethnography: Gwich'in Caribou Anatomy and Cultural Ecology [ISO 639 gwi]

Vadzaih(兰吉弗·塔兰德斯饰)是格维奇人生存和精神生活的主食。几千年来，格维奇人对驯鹿的身体部位有了详细的了解：不仅这些部位有各种各样的名字和用途，而且还有与之相关的传统故事、歌曲、游戏、姓氏、饮食方式和仪式的百科全书。该项目的研究目标是发现，作为一个小规模的亚北极社会，格维奇的阿萨巴斯坎人可以通过他们的语言和世界观，教会这个国家如何与这片土地以及与他们共享土地的野生动物和谐相处。为了实现这一目标，研究人员将采访他们家乡阿拉斯加东北部的北极村、威尼斯和育空堡，以及加拿大西北部的老乌鸦、齐格赫奇奇和麦克弗森堡等社区的活跃猎人和长老。这项研究的一个基本问题不仅是格维奇人对驯鹿的解剖学有什么了解，而且他们如何看待驯鹿，以及他们对定义自己、饮食和营养需求以及生存方式的驯鹿有什么看法和看法？语言是关键。Gwich‘in是一种濒危语言，有四种活着的方言，是纳-德内语家族的成员，实地考察计划包括说这四种方言的人。该计划的一个重要部分是培训年轻的说话者和语言学习者基本的转录和翻译技能。在他们的口头叙述语料库和词汇中记录Gwich‘in老年人关于驯鹿的传统民族科学知识，对动物考古学、应用语言学、民俗学和文化人类学具有深远的意义。这是一种经验主义的方法，本质上是自然科学与人文科学的结合，骨学与语言艺术的结合。

Vadzaih (Rangifer Tarandus) is a staple of Gwich'in subsistence and spirituality. Over the millenia, the Gwich'in have developed a detailed knowledge of caribou body parts: not only sundry names and uses for these parts but an encyclopedia of traditional stories, songs, games, family names, foodways, and ceremonies associated with them. The project's research objective is to discover what the Gwich'in Athabaskan people, as a small-scale subarctic society, can teach the nation through their language and world view about living in harmony with the land and with the wild game animals they share it with. To realize this goal the researchers will interview active hunters and elders in their home communities of Arctic Village, Venetie, and Fort Yukon in northeast Alaska, and Old Crow, Tsiigehtchic, and Fort McPherson in northwest Canada.A fundamental question for the research is not only what do the Gwich'in know about caribou anatomy, but how do they see caribou and what do they say and believe about caribou that defines themselves, their dietary and nutritional needs, and their subsistence way of life? Language is the key. Gwich'in, an endangered language with four living dialects, is a member of the Na-Dene language family, and the fieldwork plan includes speakers of all four of those dialects. An important part of the plan is to train young speakers and language learners in basic transcription and translation skills.Recording the traditional ethnoscientific knowledge Gwich'in elders have about caribou in their corpus of oral narratives and in their lexicon has farreaching implications for zooarchaeology, for applied linguistics, and for folklore and cultural anthropology. It is an empirical approach which essentially weds natural science with the humanities, osteology with verbal art.