NEESR: Tsunami Run-up and Withdrawal Dynamics on a Sloping Beach with Discontinuous Macro-Roughness

海啸是沿海社区的主要自然威胁，2011年日本、2010年智利和2004年印度洋海啸等事件对沿海基础设施造成了广泛的严重破坏。然而，这些事件也揭示了红树林和其他植被在可持续缓解海啸灾害方面的作用。这项研究的总体目标是发展对沿海森林地区海啸淹没的定量了解。本项目将详细的流体动力学模拟与物理实验相结合，研究在不连续海岸森林存在下的海啸淹没。本研究的变革性质在于研究与改善海啸减灾和防备有关的多尺度过程对大尺度海啸淹没动力学的影响。实验室实验将用于研究以圆柱体阵列的圆形斑块为代表的不连续森林的淹没。测量将用于量化平均流量和湍流统计、两个森林斑块之间的空间流场、上升速度和撤退期间的大规模流动结构。数值分析将与实验活动结合起来，以扩大用于分析的参数集，并评估森林特征的时间变化的影响。来自弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究小组将使用俄勒冈州立大学的乔治·e·布朗地震工程模拟网络（NEES）海啸实验室设施。该项目的数据将存档，并通过NEES项目仓库/数据库（http://www.nees.org）.Research)向公众提供。根据沿海森林密度和布局、地形坡度和海啸波形，将更好地量化减少或扩大海啸危害的情况。此外，本研究将有助于在海啸淹没的区域尺度数值模型中更好地量化沿海森林的影响。这两种结果都将使人们能够更准确地预测海啸淹没以及由此产生的水对房屋、商业建筑和其他陆上基础设施的影响。最终，这些进步将带来更有效的疏散计划，更有弹性的建筑和基础设施设计，以及更有效的保护和可持续森林特征设计。这些措施将有助于减少海啸造成的死亡、社区流离失所和经济损失。更广泛的科学影响在于研究成果对其他沿海问题的适用性，如海啸波在珊瑚礁上的传播以及风暴潮在湿地、红树林和高地森林中的传播。该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

Tsunamis are a leading natural threat to coastal communities, and events such as the 2011 Japan, 2010 Chile, and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis caused widespread, crippling damages to coastal infrastructure. Yet, these events also revealed the role of mangroves and other vegetation as sustainable mitigation against tsunami hazard. The overarching goal of this research is to develop a quantitative understanding of tsunami inundation in regions with coastal forests. This project combines detailed fluid dynamics modeling with physical experiments to study tsunami inundation in the presence of discontinuous coastal forest. The transformative nature of this research lies in studying the effects of multi-scale processes on the large-scale tsunami inundation dynamics relevant for improving tsunami mitigation and preparedness. Laboratory experiments will be used to study inundation in discontinuous forest, represented by circular patches of cylinder arrays. Measurements will be used to quantify mean flow and turbulence statistics, the spatial flow field between two forest patches, runup speed, and large-scale flow structures during withdrawal. Numerical analysis will be integrated with the experimental campaign to expand the parameter set for analysis and to assess the impact of temporal changes in forest characteristics. The research team from Virginia Tech will use the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) tsunami laboratory facility at Oregon State University. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES Project Warehouse/data repository (http://www.nees.org).Research from this award will lead to better quantification of tsunami hazard reduction, or amplification, as a function of coastal forest density and layout, topographic slope, and tsunami wave form. Additionally, this research will lead to better quantification of the impact of coastal forests in regional-scale numerical models for tsunami inundation. Both of these outcomes will enable more accurate prediction of tsunami inundation and the resulting water force on homes, commercial buildings, and other infrastructure onshore. Ultimately, these advances will lead to more effective evacuation plans, more resilient building and infrastructure design, and more effective design of protective, sustainable forest features. These measures will help to reduce tsunami mortality, community displacement, and economic losses. The broader scientific impacts are in the applicability of the research outcomes to other coastal problems like tsunami wave propagation over coral reefs and storm surge propagation through wetlands, mangroves, and upland forests. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).