NEESR: Interaction of Tsunamis with Short Waves and Bottom Sediment - Numerical and Physical Modeling

结合泥沙输运过程，研究了短海浪与长海啸的相互作用。 这符合研究海啸产生的过程与自然海洋学过程的主题，将从两个角度进行：海啸对搬运和改造的沉积物床的影响;以及沉积物负荷对海啸搬运能力的影响。 数值建模将构成这项工作的骨干，物理建模为过程研究，参数化和验证提供数据。 一个基于光滑粒子流体动力学的复杂模型将被紧密地整合到实验计划中。实验计划用于乔治E。小布朗地震工程模拟网络（NEES）的大型波浪水槽设施在俄勒冈州州立大学在头两年。 第一组实验将侧重于评估海啸的输送能力，以便为输送模型开发拾取功能和其他参数。 第二组实验将研究全床演变。在所有实验中，强迫将包括海啸和海啸-涌浪组合条件。 测量将包括：自由表面高度;近海底速度（来自声学多普勒流速仪）;沉积物浓度（来自光学和声学反向散射装置的垂直叠加）;以及垂直速度剖面（通过成对的向上/向下脉冲相干声学多普勒剖面仪）。 这些测量结果也将用于以几种不同的方式评估海啸的消散情况。 为了测量海啸下沉积物的再加工和再分布程度，将使用数字光学粒度分析仪分析沉积物样品。 该项目的数据将存档，并通过NEES项目仓库/数据储存库（http：//www.example.com）向公众提供。www.nees.org 拟议工作的更广泛影响涉及目前对海啸破坏性的认识状况以及如何有效地在实验室研究中体现这一点。 预计这项工作的结果将影响到管理可能遭受海啸的沿海地区的基础设施卫生、应急程序和公共安全的现行政策。 还概述了一项计划，有关工作与NEES大浪水槽设施的教育和宣传人员，帮助他们制定计划，有关公众参与和教育海啸和相关的危害，以及他们的计划，鼓励在科学和工程的职业生涯。 这将包括在大型波浪水槽设施中现场演示海啸-沉积物相互作用，在此期间，公众将能够目睹汹涌海啸的力量。 该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

The interaction between short ocean waves and long transient tsunamis is studied in conjunction with sediment transport process. This is in keeping with the theme of the study of tsunami-generated processes in concert with natural oceanographic processes, and will be done from two viewpoints: that of the tsunami's effect on the transported and reworked sediment bed; and that of the effect of the sediment load on the transporting power of the tsunami. Numerical modeling will form the backbone of this work, with physical modeling providing data for process study, parameterization and validation. A sophisticated model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics will be tightly integrated into the experimental plan. Experiments are planned for the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Large Wave Flume Facility at Oregon State University during the first two years. The first set of experiments will focus on evaluating the transport power of the tsunami in order to develop the pickup function and other parameterizations for the transport model. The second set of experiments will investigate full bed evolution. In all experiments, forcing will consist of tsunamis and combined tsunami-swell conditions. Measurements will be comprised of: free surface elevations; near-bottom velocities (from acoustic Doppler velocimeters); sediment concentration (from vertical stacks of optical and acoustic backscatter devices); and vertical velocity profiles (via pairs of upward/downward looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profilers). These measurements will also be used to evaluate the dissipation of the tsunami in several different ways. To gage the degree of sediment reworking and redistribution under a tsunami, sediment samples will be analyzed using a digital-optical grain size analyzer. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES Project Warehouse/data repository (http://www.nees.org). The broader impacts of the proposed work address the present state of knowledge concerning the destructive nature of the tsunami and how effectively it is represented in laboratory studies. It is anticipated that the results of this work will affect present policies governing infrastructural health, emergency procedures and public safety in coastal areas potentially subject to tsunamis. A plan is also outlined concerning work with the NEES Large Wave Flume Facility's education and outreach personnel in aiding their established plans concerning public engagement and education regarding tsunamis and associated hazards, as well as their plans for encouraging careers in science and engineering. This will include live demonstrations of tsunami-sediment interaction in the Large Wave Flume Facility, during which the public will be able to witness the power of an onrushing tsunami. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).