Social Ethical Research on the Future of Social Security in Germany under Conditions of Selective and Non-selective Migration - Social Justice under Conditions of Scarcity

未来德国社会保障体系的构想，以实现社会正义为目标，必须将移民运动考虑在内，特别是因为移民运动自2014年以来获得了新的质量。然而，从社会伦理的角度来看，只考虑移民对国家社会保障体系的好处是有问题的，因为它会降低需要帮助的人对西方经济和社会体系的经济价值。基督教社会伦理学作为一门神学学科，超越对国家利益的任何考虑，将移民视为人，他们有权接受帮助，有权自由行动，有权有尊严地生活。因此，在社会中建立公正的社会制度这一最初的社会伦理目标必须嵌入到全球背景中。为了避免国家社会正义和全球正义的研究目标不同的困境，正义的社会维度和全球维度不应该被视为彼此对立，而应该被认为是相互一致的（Mack, 2015）。参考关于移民的新哲学和基督教伦理辩论，将制定一套道德标准，阐明何时，在多大程度上以及以何种形式接纳移民在德国等西方福利国家是一项普遍义务，在规范上是公正和道德的，同时考虑到国家社会机构的有限能力。所需要的是一种连贯的伦理综合，解释如何在社会保障资源有限的现有条件下，在未来和现在的国家和全球司法义务的框架内，为有关双方，即享有公民权利的公民和享有人权的移民，保障人类。

A future conception of the German social security system, that aims to achieve social justice, has to take immigration movements into consideration, especially because they have gained a new quality since 2014. However, to think about immigration only in terms of its benefits for a national social security system is problematic from a social ethics point of view, as it would reduce people in need to their financial value for western economies and social systems. Beyond any consideration for national benefits, Christian Social Ethics as a theological discipline, considers immigrants as human beings, who have a right to receive help, a right to freedom of movement, and a right to live in dignity. Therefore, the original social ethical aim of creating just, social institutions within societies, has to be embedded in a global context. In order to escape the dilemma of differing research objectives between national social justice and global justice, social and global dimensions of justice should not be considered as contrary to each other, but should be thought of as being consistent with each other (Mack, 2015). With reference to the newer philosophical and Christian-ethical debate on immigration, a set of ethical criteria will be developed, which spell out when, to what extent and in which form the admission of immigrants in western welfare states like Germany is a universal obligation, normatively just and ethical, while at the same time considering the limited capacities of national social institutions. What is needed, is a consistent ethical synthesis that explains how humanity can be guaranteed for both parties concerned, i.e. citizens with civil rights and immigrants with human rights, under the existing conditions of limited social security resources, and within the framework of future and present national and global justice obligations.