NEESR-SG: TSUNAMOS: A Validated, Multi-Scale Tsunami Model for Hybrid Numerical-Experimental Simulation

摘要该项目的目标是开发足够的科学知识和适当的工程工具，以此为基础制定全面的海啸缓解计划，并将这一信息有效地传达给决策者、应急规划界和公众。该研究计划的详细目标是：(1)通过使用NEES设施进行一系列广泛的物理实验，提高我们对近岸三维海啸演变的了解；(2)创建一个可扩展的框架，为使用实验和现场数据验证计算模型提供一个系统结构；(3)改进建模能力，将各种组件耦合在一起，创建一个多尺度模拟工具；(4)开发一个可持续的教育和推广计划，向公众提供有关海啸和适当应对措施的教育。俄勒冈州立大学的NEES计划提供的物理实验设施使其能够对海啸研究人员最有问题的行为进行建模。现有的数值模型将通过专门旨在填补我们目前对海啸行为理解中的关键空白的定向实验工作来增强。将研究海啸波的近岸演变，如3D突破聚焦和水深测量，以及穿过不规则和粗糙地形的陆上流动。在进行试验工作的同时，还将开发一个全面的海啸模拟器--联伊援助团。海啸水动力学的数值模拟将采用多尺度、混合建模方法。该模拟器将由许多具有不同应用限制的不同数值模型组成，它们连接在一起，这样就可以进行全尺度预报，其总体精度相当于最先进的3D湍流模型。海啸模拟器将采用已建立的地震工程软件框架OpenSees，该框架将变得透明和开放源码，以促进广泛采用。该系统将用于指导实验海滩的设计和输入波浪条件，并将与印度洋和巴布亚新几内亚海啸的全尺度模拟相结合，作为混合数值-实验模拟的一个例子。为有效减少海啸造成的生命和财产损失，处于危险中的民众需要了解危险和相关风险，并做好在海啸发生时作出反应的准备。在这里，来自为拉美裔服务的波多黎各大学马亚圭兹大学和夏威夷大学的研究人员将开发广泛的教育、外联和培训(EOT)计划。努力将重点放在提高K-12学生、应急管理人员和决策者对海啸的认识上。夏威夷和波多黎各多年来一直在开展EOT倡议，但通过这一项目，许多现有材料将被更新，放到网上，并将创造新的资源。虽然夏威夷和波多黎各都有海啸EOT的历史，但这将是他们第一次有一个系统交流EOT经验的平台。实验结果将被纳入EOT的努力，以加强海啸的破坏力。拟议的EOT计划与NEESincc提出的战略密切一致，包括代表不足的群体大量参与工程，将NEES研究与外联和培训相结合的讲习班计划，以及将开发的工具转化为实践的快速机制。

Abstract The goals of this project focus on developing sufficient scientific knowledge and appropriate engineering tools on which to base comprehensive tsunami mitigation plans and communicate this information effectively to decision makers, the emergency planning community and the public. The detailed objectives of the research program are (1) Improve our understanding of nearshore, three-dimensional tsunami evolution through an extensive set of physical experiments using NEES facilities; (2) Create an extensible framework to provide a systematic structure for validating computational models with experimental and field data; (3) Refine modeling capabilities and couple the various components together to create a multi-scale simulation tool; (4) Develop a sustainable education and outreach program that educates the general public about tsunamis and appropriate responses to them.The facilities for physical experimentation provided by the NEES program at Oregon State make it possible to model the behaviors that have been most problematical for tsunami researchers. Existing numerical models will be augmented through directed experimental work specifically intended to fill key gaps in our current understanding of tsunami behavior. Nearshore evolution of tsunami waves, such as 3D breaking through focusing and bathymetry, and overland flow across irregular and rough topographies, will be investigated. Concurrent to the experimental effort, a comprehensive tsunami simulator, TSUNAMOS, will be developed. The numerical modeling of tsunami hydrodynamics will utilize a multiple-scale, hybrid modeling methodology. This simulator will be composed of a number of different numerical models with different application limitations, interfaced together such that full scale prediction can be undertaken with overall accuracy equivalent to the state-of-the-art 3D, turbulent models. An established earthquake engineering software framework, OpenSees, will be adapted for the tsunami simulator, which will be made transparent and open-source to facilitate widespread adoption. TSUNAMOS will be used to guide the experimental beach design and input wave conditions, and will be coupled with full scale simulations from the Indian Ocean and Papua New Guinea tsunamis as an example of hybrid numerical-experimental simulation. TSUNAMOS will be made available through the shared NEES simulation repository.To effectively reduce the loss of life and property due to tsunamis, the population at risk needs to be aware of the hazard and associated risk and be prepared to respond in case of a tsunami. Here, researchers from the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, a Hispanic serving institution, and from the University at Hawaii will develop extensive Education, Outreach, and Training (EOT) programs. Efforts will be focused on developing greater tsunami awareness on K-12 students, emergency managers and decision makers. Both Hawaii and Puerto Rico have been carrying out EOT initiatives for many years, but through this project many of the existing materials will be updated, placed on line and new resources will be created. Although both Hawaii and Puerto Rico have a history of tsunami EOT, this will be the first time that they will have a platform for the systematic exchange of the EOT experiences. The results of the experiments will be incorporated to the EOT efforts to reinforce the destructive forces of tsunamis. The proposed EOT plan is closely aligned with the strategies put forth by NEESinc, including significant involvement of underrepresented groups in engineering, a workshop plan which integrates NEES research with outreach and training, and a rapid mechanism to transfer the tools developed into practice.