OCEAN ACIDIFICATION - COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: OMEGAS II - Linking ecological and organismal responses to the ocean acidification seascape in the California Current System

该项目是现有海洋酸化（OA）基金的更新，该基金支持一个跨学科研究小组（称为OMEGAS），该小组拥有海洋学、生态学、生物地球化学、分子生理学和分子遗传学方面的专业知识。迄今为止的研究已经在加利福尼亚洋流系统（CCS）的内大陆架上记录了一个动态的海洋学马赛克，它跨越1200多公里，在潮汐、日、事件和季节的时间尺度上在当地到海洋盆地的空间尺度上变化。在OMEGAS II中，该项目旨在更好地了解这种惊人的时空变化的驱动因素，并将OA海景与该生态系统的关键成员——加利福尼亚贻贝的生理和生态表现联系起来。此外，研究人员还将探讨这种海洋学马赛克对物种相互作用和群落组织的影响。作为一个优势的栖息地形成物种，强相互作用和主要的空间占领者，加利福尼亚螺可以说是沿上升流主导的CCS岩石潮间带生态系统的核心组成部分。采用跨学科、空间广泛的方法，将内大陆架海洋学与生态学、生理学和生态力学相结合，跨学科团队将研究加利福尼亚贻贝幼年对OA的反应。这些研究跨越了生物组织的水平，从而可以评估在野外条件下形成壳的成本如何影响生理性能和对捕食的抵抗力。这项调查将包括在CCS和其他领域建立与更大规模的生态系统和海洋学动态联系的模型。OMEGAS I的结果表明，二氧化碳分压升高对贻贝幼虫的生长、存活和壳强度产生了强烈的负面影响，并且成体贻贝的生长在区域内和区域之间的不同地点存在差异。关于海水条件下自然变化的新数据将使人们能够更深入地探索加利福尼亚海蛞蝓的有机体反应，以及贝壳厚度和强度减少等特征的生态后果。本项目将扩大和加强现有的海洋学网络，以增加我们对沿海OA状况的了解，并为生态和生理研究提供环境背景。具体而言，本项目将(1)开展实地和室内实验，研究OA对1400公里海岸线上10个地点采集的幼贻贝的生长、贝壳增生和抗捕食能力的影响；(2)通过生态建模将OA传感器海洋学“主干”与现有的群落结构数据库联系起来，评估OA对群落组织沿海变化的影响。(3)确定幼年贻贝在野外部署和普通花园条件下培养后的生理反应，以评估在不同地点观察到的贻贝反应的机制基础；(4)探索实验室中游环境中贻贝对野外记录的pCO2变化的生理和转录组反应；(5)使用改进的ROMS模型。评估盆地尺度海洋学与内陆架局地尺度变化之间的联系，以评估大到局地尺度因子对OA变率的相对影响。本研究旨在了解沿海生态系统如何对OA做出反应，从而提高我们预测OA对沿海生态系统未来影响的能力。更广泛的影响。该项目将利用互补资金进行研究、培训和推广，并吸引本科生、研究生、博士后研究人员以及pi。总体目标的一部分是提高决策者和公众对开放获取科学的可见度和熟悉度。将通过与COMPASS（科学与海洋传播伙伴关系）、公开讲座、网站和电影和电视等多媒体渠道的广泛联系，促进外联工作。各校区都开展了从地方到全国的OA展示。

This project is a renewal of an existing ocean acidification (OA) grant supporting an interdisciplinary research team (called OMEGAS) with expertise in oceanography, ecology, biogeochemistry, molecular physiology, and molecular genetics. Research to date has documented a dynamic oceanographic mosaic in the inner shelf of the California Current System (CCS) that spans 1,200+ km and varies at tidal, diurnal, event, and seasonal temporal scales at local to ocean basin spatial scales. In OMEGAS II, the project seeks to better understand the drivers of this striking time-space variability, and to link the OA seascape to the physiological and ecological performance of a key member of this ecosystem, the mussel Mytilus californianus. In addition, the investigators will explore the influence of this oceanographic mosaic on species interactions and community organization. As a dominant habitat-forming species, strong interactor, and major space occupant, M. californianus is arguably the core component of the rocky intertidal ecosystem along the upwelling-dominated CCS. Using an interdisciplinary, spatially extensive approach integrating inner shelf oceanography with ecology, physiology, and eco-mechanics, the interdisciplinary team will study the response of juvenile mussels M. californianus to OA. The studies span levels of biological organization, thereby allowing assessment of how the cost of forming a shell under field conditions might influence physiological performance and resistance to predation. This investigation will include modeling to link to larger-scale ecosystem and oceanographic dynamics in the CCS and beyond.Results from OMEGAS I show that the growth, survival, and shell strength of mussel larvae are strongly negatively affected by elevated pCO2, and that growth of adult mussels varied among sites within regions and between regions. Emerging data on natural variability in seawater conditions will allow a deeper exploration of the organismal response of M. californianus, and the ecological consequences of traits, such as reduced shell thickness and strength. The present project will expand and strengthen the existing oceanographic network to increase our understanding of the coastal OA regime, and provide the environmental context for ecological and physiological research. Specifically, this project will (1) conduct field and laboratory experiments on the influence of OA on the growth, shell accretion, and resistance to predation of juvenile mussels collected from 10 sites spanning 1,400 km of coastline, (2) link the OA-sensor oceanographic "backbone" to an existing database of community structure via ecological modeling to assess the influence of OA on coastal variation in community organization, (3) determine the physiological responses of juvenile mussels following field deployments and culture under common garden conditions to evaluate mechanistic underpinnings to the responses observed in mussels from different sites, (4) explore the physiological and transcriptomic response of mussels in lab mesocosms to field-documented variability in pCO2, and (5) using modified ROMS models, evaluate the linkage between basin-scale oceanography and local-scale variation in inner-shelf oceanography to evaluate the relative influences of large-to-local scale factors on OA variability. This research aims to understand how coastal ecosystems will respond to OA, and thus to develop our capacity to predict the future impact of OA on coastal ecosystems.Broader Impacts. This project will leverage complementary funding for research, training and outreach, and engage undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers, as well as PIs. Part of an overall goal is to increase the visibility and familiarity of OA science for policy makers and the general public. Outreach will be facilitated through extensive ties to COMPASS (Communication Partnership for Science and the Sea), public lectures, websites, and multimedia outlets, such as films and television. Each campus is engaged in local-to-national displays on OA.