In-Situ Observations of Maritime Sources/Sinks of Aerosol and Cloud Condensation Nuclei at Palmer Station, Antarctica: PAEROS Pilot Phase

南大洋大气中海洋气溶胶的组成和浓度是我们提高对全球气候变化认识所需的一个关键因素。来源（如海盐、生物源、人为源、矿物粉尘）以及在现行大气条件下（如风速、温度、日照、降水等）的气溶胶通量和云凝结冰核（CCN； IN），在这种恶劣和偏远的环境中都知之甚少。然而，它们对于理解气溶胶-云的过程及其对地球辐射收支的影响至关重要。根据核磁共振成像（MRI）的一项成功成果，便携式气溶胶观测系统（PAEROS）将被远程部署在南大洋的研究巡航上（搭载R/V LMGould），然后在南极洲帕尔默站的海洋环境中使用。作为云形成种子的气溶胶粒子CCN的直接测量光谱，在高极和南纬地区明显观测不到。部署还将允许在恶劣环境条件下对PAEROS仪器的自主操作进行额外测试。

The composition and concentration of marine aerosols in the Southern Ocean atmosphere is a key factor needed for our improved understanding of global climate change. Both the sources (e.g. sea-salt, biogenic, anthropogenic, mineral dust) and the fluxes of aerosols and cloud condensation and ice nuclei (CCN; IN) under prevailing atmospheric conditions (e.g. wind speed, temperature, insolation, precipitation etc.) are poorly known in this harsh and remote environment. Yet they are essential in understanding aerosol-cloud processing and subsequent effects on the Earth's radiation budget.Based on the outcome of a successful MRI award, which developed the Portable AERosol Observing System (PAEROS), a miniaturized aerosol package will be deployed remotely on a research cruise in the Southern Ocean (onboard R/V LMGould) and then in the maritime environment at Palmer Station, Antarctica. Direct measurements of the size spectra of CCN, aerosol particles that serve as seeds for cloud formation, are notably poorly observed in high polar and southern latitudes. The deployment will also allow additional testing of the autonomous operation of the PAEROS instrumentation under harsh environmental conditions.