Complexity and multifunctionality of flower scents and their potential als floral filters

花卉面临着大量对植物繁殖具有高度可变净效应的生物，包括互惠者、共生者和拮抗者。尽管如此，包括气味在内的花卉性状的表型最常见的解释是适应互惠互利的植物，偶尔也适应拮抗植物。然而，互助者和拮抗者的存在表明，花香的组成是相互冲突的选择压力的结果，代表了它们之间的权衡。这个项目旨在了解花香花束的复杂性，并对其多重功能产生更复杂的理解。计划识别复杂花束中吸引互助者和/或击退拮抗者的行为活性化合物。因此，不同昆虫对具有自然和生物化学气味的花朵的行为将进行比较，以确定吸引和防御的关键气味物质及其有效剂量。此外，还将调查花香作为过滤器的适应价值，即它们在筛选拮抗剂时选择最有益的药剂(S)的能力。因此，这项研究将通过研究花香的多功能性及其作为花香过滤器的潜力，为花香的生态和进化提供新的线索。

Flowers are confronted with numerous organisms with highly variable net effects on the plants’ reproduction, including mutualists, commensalists and antagonists. Nonetheless, the phenotype of floral traits – including scents – has been most commonly interpreted as adaptation to either mutualists or occasionally also to antagonists. The presence of mutualists and antagonists, however, suggests that the composition of floral scents is the result of conflicting selection pressures and represents a trade-off between them. This project aims to understand the complexity of floral scent bouquets and to generate a more sophisticated understanding of their multiple functions. It is planned to identify the behaviorally active compounds within complex bouquets that either attract mutualists and/or repel antagonists. Therefore, the behavior of different insects towards flowers with natural and biochemically manipulated floral scents will be compared to pinpoint the key-odorants and their effective doses for attraction and defense. Additionally, the adaptive value of floral scents as filters, i.e. their ability to select the most beneficial agent(s) while screening out antagonists, will be investigated. Thus, the study will shed new light on the ecology and evolution of floral scents by investigating their multifunctionality and their potential as floral filters.