Rethinking earliest Celtic gold - Economic, social and technological perspectives in the West Hallstatt Culture

该项目的目的是通过对黄金制品的生产和消费的研究，帮助了解西哈尔斯塔特文化(公元前8-5世纪)的经济、社会和技术发展。这种早期铁器时代的文化，主要跨越德国西南部和法国东部的边界，但也代表着瑞士和奥地利，其特点是有设防的定居点和丰富的精英墓地，黄金物品就存放在那里。我们打算通过主要调查墓地中的尊贵物品，结合哈尔斯塔特时期的工艺专门化，研究社会动态和等级制度。精美的金属作品特别适合展示传统和本地创新，以及在艺术和手工艺方面的外国影响和交流网络。该项目的优势在于德国和法国科学家的国际合作，以及他们在考古学、考古学、技术和实验考古学方面的跨学科卓越表现。它还基于新的实验室设备，允许进行创新的高精度观测。我们打算第一次考虑到铁器时代早期黄金的方方面面：从原材料、覆盖到文物的转化、它们的利用和分配，直到最终的沉积，最后是考古发现。跨学科方法论将文化语境、形态和功能的研究融为一体。将结合几种方法，例如用于确定材料特征的考古学，用于重建制造过程的技术，以及用于考古解释历史的认识论。这些观察结果将被纳入更广泛的社会经济和技术背景，以揭示奢侈品的风格传统和技术与哈尔斯塔特时期的社会经济组织有关的变化。

The aim of the project is to contribute to the understanding of the economic, social and technological development of the West Hallstatt Culture (8th -5th centuries BC) through the study of the production and consumption of gold objects. This culture of the Early Iron Age, cross-bordering mainly southwest Germany and eastern France, but also represented in Switzerland and Austria, Is characterized by fortified settlements and rich elite burial mounds in which the gold items are deposited. We intend to study the social dynamics and hierarchies, combined with craft specialization during the Hallstatt period by mainly investigating prestige objects from burial sites. Fine metal work is especially suitable to reveal traditions and local innovations as well as foreign influences and exchange networks in arts and crafts. The strength of the project is in the international collaboration of German and French scientists and in their Interdisciplinary excellence in archaeology, archaeometry, technology and experimental archaeology. It is also based on new laboratory equipment allowing innovative high precision observations. We intend to take into account all aspects of Early Iron Age gold for the first time: from the raw material, covering the transformation Into artefacts, their utilization and distribution, until to the final deposition and finally the archaeological discovery. The interdisciplinary methodology integrates the study of the cultural context, morphology and function. Several approaches will be combined, such as archaeometry for the characterisation of the materials, technology for the reconstruction of manufacturing processes and epistemology for the history of archaeological interpretation. These observations will be integrated into a wider socio-economic and technological context in order to enlight changes in stylistic traditions and technologies of luxury objects in relation to the socio-economic organization of the Hallstatt period.