Collaborative Research: Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems-Surface and Atmospheric Influences on Lake-effect Convection (OWLeS-SAIL)

这笔赠款是以安大略省冬季(OW)湖泊效应系统(LES)实地项目为中心的更大努力的一部分，该项目将于2013年12月至2014年1月进行。Owles将专注于两条互补的研究路线，每条路线都追踪到一种更好的风况、特征的跨湖获取和相应的冬季风暴组织的不同中尺度模式。这个小组领导的活动将集中在“短程”事件，在这些事件中，盛行的低层风相对于安大略湖的长轴形成大角度。这些研究人员将力求促进对邻近复杂土地覆盖上的大气边界层环流、控制湖泊效应环流的位置和顺风持续/空间范围的因素以及与大雪相关的带以及与指湖地区发现的较小水体有关的降水事件的面向过程的了解。Owles期间部署的观测资产将包括怀俄明大学国王航空仪表式飞机、CSWR车轮上的多普勒移动雷达、多移动探测系统、米尔斯维尔大学剖面系统、UAH移动综合剖面系统和各种其他表面测量系统。这一分组活动的学术价值集中在以下方面：(1)迎风地表和大气因素如何决定在相对温暖、开阔的水面上发展的短程对流Les PBL的三维结构；(2)短程条件下有组织的初始对流云和降水结构如何在远离浮力源(即安大略湖的无冰水域)很长时间后继续存在于陆地的下游；猫头鹰的广泛影响将包括增进对影响大湖区沿岸人口和相关主要交通走廊的条件的实际了解和以模型为基础的表述，以及为将积极参与实地活动规划、仪器准备、数据收集和分析的大量学生提供增强课堂和实践项目教育机会的广泛机会。外展工作将延伸到K-12学生和在附近高等教育机构注册的大学生。

This grant is part of a larger effort centered on the Ontario Winter (OW) Lake-effect Systems (LeS) field project, to be conducted December 2013-January 2014. OWLeS will focus on two complementary lines of research, each tracing to a preferred wind regime, characteristic cross-lake fetch and corresponding distinct mesoscale mode of winter storm organization. Activities led by this sub-group will focus on "short-fetch" events in which prevailing low-level winds are oriented at large angles relative to Lake Ontario's long axis. These investigators will seek to advance process-oriented understanding of atmospheric boundary-layer circulations over adjacent complex land cover, factors controlling the location and downwind persistence/spatial extent of lake-effect circulations and associated bands of heavy snowfall, as well as those precipitation events associated with smaller bodies of water as are found in the Finger Lakes region. Observational assets to be deployed during OWLeS will include the University of Wyoming King Air instrumented aircraft, the CSWR Doppler on Wheels mobile radars, multiple mobile rawinsounding systems, the Millersville University Profiling System, the UAH Mobile Integrated Profiling System, and a variety of other surface measurement systems. The intellectual merit of this sub-group's activities is centered upon determination of (1) how upwind land-surface and atmospheric factors determine the three-dimensional structure of the short-fetch convective LeS PBL that develop over a relatively-warm, open water surface; (2) how organized, initially convective cloud and precipitation structures under short-fetch conditions persist far downstream over land, long after leaving the buoyancy source (i.e., the ice-free waters of Lake Ontario); and (3) factors controlling the development of, and interactions between, complex atmospheric stratifications embodying a internal planetary boundary layer and residual layers resulting from airmass advection over multiple mesoscale bodies of water and intervening land.Broader impacts of OWLeS will include improved physical understanding and model-based representations of conditions that impact populations and associated major transportation corridors along the shores of the Great Lakes region, as well as extensive opportunities for enhanced classroom and hands-on field project based educational opportunities for a large number of students who will be actively engaged in field campaign planning, instrument preparation, data collection and analysis. Outreach efforts will extend to K-12 students and college students enrolled at nearby institutes of higher learning.