Collaborative Research: Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems-Surface and Atmospheric Influences on Lake-effect Convection (OWLeS-SAIL)

这笔拨款是安大略省冬季（OW）湖泊效应系统（LeS）现场项目的一部分，该项目将于2013年12月至2014年1月进行。OWLeS将侧重于两条互补的研究线，每一条线都追踪到一个首选的风况、特征的跨湖fetch和相应的冬季风暴组织的独特中尺度模式。由该小组领导的活动将侧重于“短期”事件，在这些事件中，盛行的低空风相对于安大略湖的长轴定向成大角度。这些研究人员将寻求推进以过程为导向的对相邻复杂土地覆盖上的大气边界层环流的理解，控制湖泊效应环流和相关暴雪带的位置和下风持续/空间范围的因素，以及与芬格湖地区发现的较小水体相关的降水事件。在OWLeS期间部署的观测资产将包括怀俄明大学空中国王仪表飞机、CSWR多普勒轮式移动雷达、多个移动雨测系统、米勒斯维尔大学剖面系统、UAH移动综合剖面系统以及各种其他地面测量系统。该小组活动的智力价值集中在确定(1)逆风陆地表面和大气因子如何决定在相对温暖的开放水面上发展的短时对流LeS PBL的三维结构；(2)在离开浮力源（即安大略湖的无冰水域）很久之后，短期条件下有组织的、最初对流云和降水结构如何在陆地下游持续存在；(3)控制复杂大气分层发展和相互作用的因素，包括行星内部边界层和由多个中尺度水体和中间陆地上的气团平流产生的残余层。OWLeS的更广泛影响将包括改善物理理解和基于模型的条件表示，这些条件影响着大湖地区沿岸的人口和相关的主要交通走廊，以及为大量积极参与实地活动规划、仪器准备、数据收集和分析的学生提供广泛的机会，以加强课堂和实践实地项目为基础的教育机会。推广工作将扩大到K-12学生和在附近高等院校就读的大学生。

This grant is part of a larger effort centered on the Ontario Winter (OW) Lake-effect Systems (LeS) field project, to be conducted December 2013-January 2014. OWLeS will focus on two complementary lines of research, each tracing to a preferred wind regime, characteristic cross-lake fetch and corresponding distinct mesoscale mode of winter storm organization. Activities led by this sub-group will focus on "short-fetch" events in which prevailing low-level winds are oriented at large angles relative to Lake Ontario's long axis. These investigators will seek to advance process-oriented understanding of atmospheric boundary-layer circulations over adjacent complex land cover, factors controlling the location and downwind persistence/spatial extent of lake-effect circulations and associated bands of heavy snowfall, as well as those precipitation events associated with smaller bodies of water as are found in the Finger Lakes region. Observational assets to be deployed during OWLeS will include the University of Wyoming King Air instrumented aircraft, the CSWR Doppler on Wheels mobile radars, multiple mobile rawinsounding systems, the Millersville University Profiling System, the UAH Mobile Integrated Profiling System, and a variety of other surface measurement systems. The intellectual merit of this sub-group's activities is centered upon determination of (1) how upwind land-surface and atmospheric factors determine the three-dimensional structure of the short-fetch convective LeS PBL that develop over a relatively-warm, open water surface; (2) how organized, initially convective cloud and precipitation structures under short-fetch conditions persist far downstream over land, long after leaving the buoyancy source (i.e., the ice-free waters of Lake Ontario); and (3) factors controlling the development of, and interactions between, complex atmospheric stratifications embodying a internal planetary boundary layer and residual layers resulting from airmass advection over multiple mesoscale bodies of water and intervening land.Broader impacts of OWLeS will include improved physical understanding and model-based representations of conditions that impact populations and associated major transportation corridors along the shores of the Great Lakes region, as well as extensive opportunities for enhanced classroom and hands-on field project based educational opportunities for a large number of students who will be actively engaged in field campaign planning, instrument preparation, data collection and analysis. Outreach efforts will extend to K-12 students and college students enrolled at nearby institutes of higher learning.