DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Cryptogramma acrostichoides complex--phylogeography at the crossroads of Beringia and other refugia

人类活动造成的气候变化将对世界产生巨大影响？通过更高的预计灭绝率和相当大的范围转移，特别是在高纬度的北方地区，应对这些危险需要更深入地了解物种如何应对快速移动的大规模气候变化。类似的影响，从快速气候变化在末次冰期最大期（约。18000年前）可以作为预测当今人类活动对气候变化影响的模型。 这项研究将使用的响应欧芹蕨类植物（Cryptogramma物种）生长在亚洲东部和北美西部的快速气候变化在末次冰期最大的模型预测今天如何？美国的植物群将在人为气候变化中幸存下来。 这些欧芹蕨类植物今天跨越了被称为白令海的地区，该地区从亚洲东北部穿过白令海延伸到阿拉斯加中部，并在末次冰期最大期受到快速气候变化的影响。 通过使用大量的DNA序列数据，研究人员将量化整个景观的遗传多样性模式，并研究在少数避难所区域生存的相对重要性，这些避难所区域可以作为移民或迁移的来源，而不是在末次冰期最大时期在众多孤立的山顶上生存。特别是那些因当今气候变化而面临灭绝危险的种群将被确定为需要特别保护的种群。 公众和更广泛的科学界将在许多方面从这项研究中受益。该项目将有助于培养下一代科学家，作为研究生和本科生，他们将在最先进的DNA测序方法和执行扩展研究项目方面变得高效，包括海外实地考察。 高中生，包括阿拉斯加原住民，将受益于参与收集和分析数据。 该项目的国际范围也将发展美国以外的研究基础设施？通过与俄罗斯和中国研究人员的合作， 公众将能够访问在线数据库中生成的所有数据，包括保存标本的高分辨率图像。 该项目还将通过制作欧芹蕨类植物在线识别码和发表关于气候变化对北方植物群影响的宣传文章，向公众进行宣传。

Anthropogenic climate change will dramatically impact the world?s plants and animals through higher projected extinction rates and sizable range shifts, especially in high-latitude boreal regions. Responding to these dangers requires a deeper understanding of how species react to fast-moving, large-scale climate shifts. Similar impacts from rapid climate change during the Last Glacial Maximum (approx. 18000 years ago) can serve as a model for predicting the impacts of present-day anthropogenic climate change. This research will use the responses of parsley ferns (Cryptogramma species) growing in eastern Asia and western North America to rapid climate change during the Last Glacial Maximum as a model for predicting how today?s flora will survive anthropogenic climate change. These parsley ferns today span the area known as Beringia, which stretches from northeastern Asia across the Bering Sea into central Alaska and was subject to rapid climate change during the Last Glacial Maximum. By using large amounts of DNA sequence data, researchers will quantify patterns of genetic diversity across the landscape and examine the relative importance of surviving in a small number of refugial regions that can serve as sources for recolonization or migration versus surviving on numerous isolated mountaintops during the Last Glacial Maximum for these parsley ferns. Populations that are in particular danger of extinction from present day climate change will be identified for special conservation attention. The public and broader scientific community will benefit from this research in many ways. This project will help train the next generation of scientists as a graduate student and undergraduate student will become efficient in state of the art DNA sequencing methods and in executing an extended research project, including overseas field work. High school students, including Alaska Natives, will benefit from involvement in the collection and analysis of data. The international scope of the project will also develop research infrastructure beyond America?s borders through collaboration with Russian and Chinese researchers. The public will be able to access all of the data generated, including high-resolution images of preserved specimens, in online databases. This project will also reach out to the public through the production of an online identification key to the parsley ferns and through the publication of an outreach article on the impacts of climate change on the northern flora.