Exploring Galaxy Evolution and Missing Satellites with ALMA and Gravitational Lensing

在尘埃恒星形成星系（dsfg）中，宇宙中很大一部分能量被尘埃吸收并重新释放。宇宙中红移在2到3之间的大多数恒星形成可能发生在这样的星系中，由于尘埃的遮挡，它们不会发出可见光或紫外光。利用美国国家科学基金会和美国能源部资助的南极望远镜（SPT），提出建议的团队已经确定了大约100个明亮的dsfg，所有这些都被引力透镜放大和变亮了。他们现在打算使用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）来观察这些星系，获得光谱红移，测量元素丰度，并推断暗物质的分布。目的是确定dsfg在红移中的分布、它们在星际介质中的物理条件以及暗物质子结构的质量函数。作为更广泛的影响，提议者打算开发新的干涉分析工具，将自校准作为引力透镜物体的不确定性模型。该项目将支持两名研究生的工作，PI将进行外联演讲，并开发干涉测量学的本科生实验室练习。

A significant fraction of the energy in the universe has been absorbed and re-emitted by dust, in dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Most of the star formation in the universe at cosmological redshifts between 2 and 3 may have taken place in such galaxies and emitted no visible or ultraviolet light because of dust obscuration. Using the NSF- and DOE-funded South Pole Telescope (SPT), the proposing team has identified approximately 100 bright DSFGs, all of which are magnified and brightened by gravitational lensing. They now intend to use the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe these galaxies, obtaining spectroscopic redshifts, measuring elemental abundances, and inferring the distribution of dark matter. The goals are to determine the distribution of DSFGs in redshift, the physical conditions in their interstellar media, and the mass function of dark matter substructure. As a broader impact, the proposers intend to develop new interferometric analysis tools that incorporate self-calibration as a modeled uncertainty for gravitationally lensed objects. The project will support the work of two graduate students, and the PI will conduct outreach presentations and develop undergraduate laboratory exercises on interferometry.