Collaborative Research: It's TIME! Mapping cosmic star formation history with CO and CII

该奖项支持断层扫描电离碳测绘实验 (TIME) 的观测和分析，这是一种成像光谱仪，将在基特峰的亚利桑那射电天文台 12 米射电望远镜上进行观测。 《TIME》将探索宇宙在宇宙时间内的演化，并通过回答一些基本问题来加深我们对天体物理学和宇宙学的理解，例如气体如何演化成电离源，以及电离如何追踪大尺度结构？ 《TIME》将绘制大部分天空的地图，以便通过测量再电离时期（EoR）期间星系明亮的电离碳排放线以及测量恒星形成高峰期间的一氧化碳来探测宇宙的早期时期。 《时代》团队将继续扩大现有的努力，为学生体验式学习开辟途径，并培训从高中到研究生的学生天体物理学实验技术。这些为学生提供的机会将有助于劳动力为日益复杂和竞争日益激烈的世界做好准备，并满足增加代表性不足群体参与 STEM 的需求。科学成果的数据和出版将有助于我们了解宇宙结构如何演化。TIME 是一种高通量毫米波成像光谱仪阵列，旨在执行线强度映射。 TIME 将通过测量 [CII] 聚类信号来限制再电离时代 (EoR) 期间的总 [CII] 发射率，并通过测量 0.5 z 2 处的一氧化碳 (CO) 强度波动来确定分子气体的宇宙丰度。TIME 将大型光收集吞吐量与 32 个新型波导光谱仪相结合，使用 1,920 个测辐射热计在 183 至 326 GHz 之间进行光谱观测分辨率为 100。TIME 已部署到亚利桑那射电天文台 12m ALMA 原型天线 (ARO 12m)，用于 2019 年的工程运行和 2022 年的调试运行，在此期间，团队展示了探测器响应度、光学性能和噪声抑制技术。该奖项支持通过三年内为期 10 个月的冬季望远镜时间开展科学操作，开发和部署数据缩减管道，并发布该计划的科学和技术成果。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award supports observations and analysis with the Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME), an imaging spectrometer that will observe on the Arizona Radio Observatory 12-meter radio telescope at Kitt Peak. TIME will probe the evolution of our universe over cosmic time and deepen our understanding of astrophysics and cosmology by answering fundamental questions like how is gas evolving into ionizing sources, and how does that ionization trace with large-scale structure? TIME will map large portions of the sky in order to probe the early epochs of the universe by measuring the bright ionized carbon emission line from galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and by measuring carbon monoxide during the peak of star formation. The TIME team will continue to expand their existing efforts to open pathways for student experiential learning and train students from high school to graduate school in experimental techniques in astrophysics. These opportunities for students will bolster the preparation of the workforce for an increasingly complex and competitive world and address the need to increase participation from underrepresented groups in STEM. The data and publication of scientific results will contribute to our understanding of how structure evolved in our universe.TIME is a high-throughput millimeter-wave imaging spectrometer array designed to perform line intensity mapping. TIME will constrain the total [CII] emissivity during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) by measuring [CII] clustering signals, and determine the cosmic abundance of molecular gas by measuring carbon monoxide (CO) intensity fluctuations at 0.5 z 2. TIME combines large light-gathering throughput with 32 novel waveguide spectrometers using 1,920 bolometers to observe between 183 to 326 GHz with spectral resolving power of 100. TIME has been deployed to the Arizona Radio Observatory 12m ALMA prototype antenna (ARO 12m) for an engineering run in 2019 and a commissioning run in 2022, during which the team demonstrated detector responsivity, optical performance, and noise suppression techniques. This award supports carrying out scientific operations through 10 months of winter-month telescope time spread over three years, developing and deploying a data reduction pipeline, and publishing scientific and technical findings from the program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.