On-site Reuse of Graywater and Stormwater: An Assessment of Risks, Costs, and Benefits

1321776（Jacobs）。 国家研究理事会（NRC）的水科学和技术委员会正在进行一项研究，将分析雨水和灰水的现场水再利用的风险、成本和效益，以及安全使用所需的方法。NRC的研究将由一个由大约12名志愿专家组成的委员会进行。委员会将举行大约四次会议，听取简报，收集信息，审议关键问题，并撰写报告。委员会的大部分会议的一部分将与非政府组织、相关的联邦、州和地方机构、其他专家和其他有关各方举行公开会议，以便使水管理和政策界的广泛群体参与进来。通过雨水收集系统收集的雨水或灰水（淋浴、洗脸盆和洗衣房产生的废水）的现场再利用可以显着减少整体生活用水需求。现场灰水和雨水再利用系统也可以对环境产生益处，例如减少雨水径流或减少与水输送和处理相关的能源使用。然而，人们对各种应用所带来的相关生命周期成本、能源节约和对人类健康的潜在风险表示关切，而且科学信息严重短缺。此外，人们还担心广泛的灰水再利用对环境和现有废水基础设施的影响。该研究将分析雨水和灰水的现场水再利用的风险，成本和效益以及安全使用所需的方法，从而为州和地方政府以及联邦机构提供重要的指导。委员会？的报告应该为联邦和州的公共卫生、自然资源和环境机构、美国国会、科学界提供全面的参考。学术和机构;环境非政府组织;水管理者;个人？企业家和顾问。委员会的大多数会议的一部分将与非政府组织、相关的联邦、州和地方机构、其他专家和其他有关各方举行公开会议，以便使来自水管理和政策的广泛的个人团体参与进来。

1321776 (Jacobs). The Water Science and Technology Board of the National Research Council (NRC) is undertaking a study that will analyze the risks, costs, and benefits of on-site water reuse of stormwater and graywater and approaches needed for its safe use. The NRC study will be carried out by a committee of approximately 12 volunteer experts. The committee will hold approximately four meetings to receive briefings, gather information, deliberate critical issues, and write its report. Parts of most meetings of the committee will be held in open session with non-governmental organizations, relevant federal, state, and local agencies, other experts, and other interested parties in order to engage a broad group of individuals from the water management and policy community. The on-site reuse of stormwater captured through rainwater collection systems or graywater (wastewater generated from showers, washbasin, and laundry) can significantly reduce overall domestic water needs. On-site graywater and stormwater reuse systems can also produce benefits to the environment, such as reduced stormwater runoff or reduced energy use associated with water delivery and treatment. However, there are concerns and a significant shortage of scientific information about the associated life-cycle costs, energy savings, and potential risks to human health that accompany various applications. Additionally, there are concerns about the effects of extensive graywater reuse on the environment and on existing wastewater infrastructure. The study will analyze the risks, costs, and benefits of onsite water reuse of stormwater and graywater and approaches needed for its safe use, thereby providing important guidance to state and local governments and federal agencies on this topic. The committee?s report should produce a comprehensive reference of value to federal and state public health, natural resource, and environmental agencies; U.S. Congress; science community?academic and agency; environmental nongovernmental organizations; water managers; individuals? and entrepreneurs and consultants. Parts of most meetings of the committee will be held in open session with non-governmental organizations, relevant federal, state, and local agencies, other experts, and other interested parties in order to engage a broad group of individuals from the water management and policy.