Christina River Basin CZO: a whole watershed approach to integrating feedbacks between water, mineral and carbon fluxes in human landscapes

这个为期一年的项目代表了一个计划，以完成在克里斯蒂娜河流域（CRB）关键区观测站（CZO）与NSF奖0724971的投资。CRB-CZO的总体科学目标于2009年建立，以测试两个相关的假设：1）产生和混合矿物表面和有机碳的水文，化学和生物过程对流域规模的化学风化，土壤生产和碳封存具有速率限制作用;以及：2）人类加速了碳-矿物混合的速度，导致人为的碳封存对地方，区域和全球预算具有重要意义。 扩展的CRB-CZO团队在宾夕法尼亚州东南部和特拉华州南部的六阶CRB流域内检查了这些假设，并进行了一系列长期研究，这些研究分为4个相互关联的目标领域：1）碳-矿物-微生物-水相互作用，2）临界区结构、水文-生物-地球化学功能和碳络合作用的共同演化，3）碳-矿物供应、混合和埋藏的动员、运输沉积控制，以及4）侵蚀驱动的碳固存的腐岩与海洋整合。 CRB-CZO研究调查了从单个矿物颗粒到整个流域的尺度，涉及现场，实验室和建模方法。 这项为期一年的奖励将资助来自5个机构的14名研究人员完成这些主题的持续研究。此外，CRB-CZO团队还将最终确定在具有不同“端元”土地用途（森林，农业和干扰）的溪流排水研究流域中安装传感器站，作为对未来研究的投资。 该研究计划还概述了在NSF CZO计划之外寻求持续资金的机会。 CRB-CZO在这个为期一年的奖项下的研究活动将完成大约8名博士生的培训，并在同行评审的期刊上发表大量论文，并在科学会议上发表演讲。 CRB-CZO将尽可能继续与国家CZO网络（包括国家CZO办公室）进行沟通和协调。 调查人员还将在2014年秋季组织克里斯蒂娜河流域科学与管理研讨会。 研讨会将突出CRB-CZO研究的各种利益相关者，包括克里斯蒂娜流域水质管理委员会，其中包括来自15个联邦，州和地方环境资源机构的代表。

This 1-year project represents a plan to complete the investments made in the Christina River Basin (CRB) Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) with NSF award 0724971. The overarching scientific objectives of the CRB-CZO were established in 2009 to test two related hypotheses: 1) Hydrological, chemical, and biological processes that produce and mix mineral surfaces and organic carbon are rate limiting to watershed scale chemical weathering, soil production, and carbon sequestration; and: 2) Humans accelerate rates of carbon-mineral mixing, resulting in anthropogenic carbon sequestration significant to local, regional, and global budgets. The extended CRB-CZO team examined these hypotheses within the 6th-order CRB watershed of Southeastern Pennsylvania and Southern Delaware with a suite of long-term studies organized into 4 inter-related objective areas: 1) Carbon-mineral-microbe-water interactions, 2) Co-evolution of critical zone structure, hydro-bio-geo-chemical function and carbon complexation, 3) Mobilization, transport & depositional controls on carbon-mineral supply, mixing, and burial, and 4) Saprolite to sea integration of erosion-driven carbon sequestration. CRB-CZO studies investigate scales varying from individual mineral grains to entire watersheds, and involve field, lab, and modeling approaches. This 1-year award will fund 14 investigators from 5 institutions to finalize ongoing research on these topics. In addition, the CRB-CZO team will also finalize installation of sensor stations in the streams draining study watersheds with different "endmember" land uses (forest, agriculture, and disturbed) as an investment in future studies. The research plan also outlines opportunities to pursue ongoing funding beyond the NSF CZO program. CRB-CZO research activities under this 1-year award will finalize training of approximately 8 PhD students and result in numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific meetings. CRB-CZO will, to the extent possible, continue to communicate and coordinate with the national CZO network (including the national CZO office). Investigators will also organize a Christina River Basin Science and Management Symposium in the Fall of 2014. The Symposium will highlight CRB-CZO research to a variety of stakeholders, including the Christina Basin Water Quality Management Committee, which includes representatives from 15 federal, state, and local environmental resource agencies.