OPERATION OF CORNELL HIGH ENERGY SYNCHROTRON SOURCE (CHESS)

美国国家科学基金会授予康奈尔大学的这一奖项支持康奈尔高能同步加速器(CHESS)作为国家用户设施的运营。通过竞争性建议书审查流程免费授予用户访问权限。CHESS提供高能X射线束，用于研究电子、结构、聚合物和生物材料的原子和纳米级结构、性质、操作和时间分辨行为、蛋白质和病毒结晶学、环境科学、固体和流体的射线照相以及微量元素分析。同步加速器设备被来自学术界、工业界、政府、非营利组织和国际机构的各种科学和工程学科的研究人员使用。国际象棋通过在专业协会会议、每月通讯和他们的网站上亮相来吸引新用户。这项奖励还为设施升级和加强现有文书的能力提供了支持。这些升级使国际象棋能够增加用户数量，并为研究社区提供独特的能力。CHESS在新的X射线提取设备、探测器和光学方面的技术开发将推动同步加速器科学的发展。国际象棋在X射线光束线科学家、X射线专家用户和加速器科学家的高级培训中发挥着全国性的作用。国际象棋通过科学活动、课外科学计划和旅游来教育K-12学生和教师、社区大学生和公众。国际象棋有一些具体举措，旨在增加未得到充分代表的群体在科学、技术、教育和数学(STEM)领域的参与，目标是提高科学素养和国家劳动力队伍。美国国家科学基金会授予康奈尔大学的这一奖项支持康奈尔高能同步加速器(CHESS)作为国家用户设施的运营，为期五年，通过先进的X射线辐射应用促进材料科学、凝聚态物理、化学、工程和生物学的发展。Chess将每年向11条光束线提供140个用户日，以实现先进的成像，确定材料中的原子和更大尺度的结构，并使用各种光谱仪来探测材料中的电子组织和跃迁。通过竞争性外部计划书审查流程免费授予用户访问权限。CHESS将开展以下七项协作用户倡议，预计这些倡议将推动各自的科学领域，并将指导光束线升级：基于计算的复合材料总散射研究；设计者固体：结构、加工和性能；快速进化系统；X射线成像：扫描探头和全场；光谱学研究；能源和结构材料：OPERANDO研究；以及高分子和生物化学。该奖项还为该设施的升级提供支持，最引人注目的是安装了三个康奈尔大学设计的波荡器，其成本比目前的技术低了一个数量级。在11条光束线中，有7条波动子的通量增加，这将使国际象棋中的新实验成为可能，如探测激发电子态的结构。CHESS在X射线光束线科学家、X射线专家用户和加速器科学家的高级培训中发挥着全国性的作用。Xraise计划的对象包括K-12、社区大学学生和公立学校教师。Xraise与其他康奈尔研究中心和当地学校合作，提供课堂科学活动，创建和赞助课外科学项目，并在探险站为公众举办参观和演示。国际象棋有一些具体举措，旨在增加未得到充分代表的群体在科学、技术、教育和数学(STEM)领域的参与，目标是提高科学素养和国家劳动力队伍。

Non-technical AbstractThis award from the National Science Foundation to Cornell University supports the operation of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) as a national user facility. User access is granted free of charge through a competitive proposal review process. CHESS provides high energy X-ray beams, for studies including the atomic and nanoscale structure, properties, in operando, and time-resolved behavior of electronic, structural, polymeric and biological materials, protein and virus crystallography, environmental science, radiography of solids and fluids, and micro-elemental analysis. The synchrotron facility is used by investigators from a wide range of science and engineering disciplines in academia, industry, government, non-profits, and international institutions. CHESS attracts new users through presenations at professional society meetings, a monthly newsletter, and their website. This award also provides support to upgrade the facility and enhance the capabilities of the existing instruments. These upgrades enable CHESS to increase the number users and provide unique capabilities to the research community. Technology development at CHESS on new X-ray extraction devices, detectors, and optics will advance synchrotron science. CHESS plays a national role in advanced training of X-ray beamline scientists, expert X-ray users; and accelerator scientists. CHESS educates the K-12 students and teachers, community college students, and the public through science activities, after-school science programs, and tours. CHESS has specific initiatives aimed at increasing participation of underrepresented groups in Science Technology Education and Mathematics (STEM) fields with goals of improving science literacy and the national workforce. Technical AbstractThis award from the National Science Foundation to Cornell University supports the operation of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) as a national user facility for a five year period to advance materials science, condensed matter physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology through advanced uses of X-ray radiation. CHESS will deliver 140 user days per year to 11 beamlines that enable advanced imaging, the determination of atomic and larger scale structure in materials, and various spectroscopies to probe electronic organization and transitions in materials. User access is granted free of charge through a competitive external proposal review process. CHESS will pursue the following seven collaborative user initiatives, which are expected to drive their respective scientific fields and will guide beamline upgrades: Computationally-Enabled Total Scattering Studies of Complex Materials; Designer Solids: Structure, Processing and Performance; Rapidly Evolving Systems; X-Ray Imaging: Scanning Probe and Full-Field; Spectroscopic Studies; Energy and Structural Materials: In Operando Studies; and, Macromolecules and Biochemistry. This award also provides support for upgrades of the facility, most notably the installation of three Cornell designed undulators, which are an order of magnitude less expensive than current technology. The increased flux from the undulators at 7 of the 11 beamlines will enable new experiments at CHESS such as probing the structure of excited electronic states.CHESS plays a national role in advanced training of X-ray beamline scientists, expert X-ray users; and accelerator scientists. The Xraise program reaches out to K-12, community college students and public school teachers. Xraise collaborates with other Cornell research centers and local schools to offer classroom science activities, creates and sponsors after-school science programs, and hosts tours and demonstrations for the public in the eXploration Station. CHESS has specific initiatives aimed at increasing participation of underrepresented groups in Science Technology Education and Mathematics (STEM) fields with goals of improving science literacy and the national workforce.