Workshops on Science enabled by a Coherent, CW, Synchrotron X-ray Source

该奖项支持2011年6月在康奈尔大学校园举办的六(6)个系列研讨会。讲习班将探讨连续工作、相干（完全衍射限制）、硬（1.5 Å）同步加速器x射线源的科学潜力。连续工作源（或CW源）是一种以超过每秒一百万次的速率以连续脉冲序列提供x射线的源。连续波硬x射线源将使各种新的相干和纳米束实验成为可能。这些光源包括终极存储环、能量回收LINACs （ERLs）和高重复率x射线自由电子激光器（X-FELs）。完全相干的硬x射线源将实现革命性的新技术，用于在原子长度尺度和飞秒时间尺度上检查非晶体和时间演化系统。最近，人们在开发利用脉冲X-FELs（例如FLASH和LCLS）产生的相干x射线光束的技术方面付出了很大的努力。这些更适合于单次测量。本次研讨会的重点是测量，需要更多的光子比可用在一个单一的镜头或需要探测相同的样品重复。业界刚刚开始探索哪些类型的测量和科学在低占空比脉冲X-FELs上进行得最好，哪些在连续波源上进行得最好。该研讨会将使社会各界参与发展关于完全相干连续波硬x射线源的科学案例的想法。讲座和组织者的讨论摘要将通过万维网广泛提供。来自美国国家科学基金会的资金支持来自广泛学科的学生、博士后和年轻科学家的参与，包括科学和工程领域未被充分代表的群体成员，以及少数民族服务机构。该研讨会由两个NSF理事会的项目和部门共同资助，生物科学和数学与物理科学理事会（化学，材料研究司，物理和多学科活动办公室）。

This award supports a series of six (6) workshops on the Cornell University Campus in June 2011. The workshops will explore the scientific potential of a continuous-duty, coherent (fully diffraction-limited), hard (l1.5 Å) synchrotron x-ray source. A continuous-duty source (or CW source) is one that delivers x-rays in a continuous train of pulses at rates exceeding a million per second. CW hard x-ray sources will enable a variety of new coherent and nanobeam experiments that cannot be done otherwise. Such sources include ultimate storage rings, energy recovery LINACs (ERLs), and high-repetition-rate x-ray free-electron lasers (X-FELs). Fully coherent hard x-ray sources will enable revolutionary new techniques for examining non-crystalline and time evolving systems on atomic length scales and in femtoseconds time scale.Recently, a large effort has gone into developing techniques utilizing coherent x-ray beams produced by pulsed X-FELs (e.g., FLASH and LCLS). These are more suitable to single shot measurements. This workshop focuses on measurements which require more photons than are available in a single shot or which need to probe the same sample repetitively. The community is just beginning to explore which types of measurements and science are best performed on low-duty-cycle pulsed X-FELs and which are best performed on CW sources. The Workshop will engage the community in developing ideas for the science case of fully coherent CW hard x-ray sources. Talks and organizers summaries of the discussions will be made broadly available through the World Wide Web. Funds from the National Science foundation support participation of students, postdocs, and young scientists from a broad range of discipline, including members of underrepresented groups in science and engineering, and minority serving institutions. The workshop is jointly funded by programs and divisions from two NSF directorates, Biosciences, and the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate (Chemistry, Division of Materials Research, Physics and the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities).