Development and Testing of Pressure Gradient Sensors to Improve Shallow Seafloor Seismic Observations

PI要求提供资金，以开发和测试当前屏蔽的OBS正交对水平压力梯度（OPG）传感器。这些传感器将基于传感器技术，该技术最初是由我们中的一员（Webb）开发的，用于目前大多数美国OBS机队使用的差压计（DPG）系统。理论表明，这些压力梯度观测值应与波浪变形载荷噪声成比例，因此可用于预测和消除水平分量中的波浪载荷噪声。将来自当前屏蔽的OBS的数据与来自APG和OPG传感器的数据相结合，可以在浅海底进行宽带地震观测，其噪声水平与许多陆地站点相当，从而大大改善了用于研究地球的OBS数据。这一项目将大大提高部署在浅水的海底地震仪的能力，以研究对了解地球和地球？更广泛的影响： 这种仪器的发展将是一个巨大的资产，为未来相对浅水部署宽带仪器，因为它将大大提高数据的质量，并将使水平分量数据真正可用于广泛的结构研究。由于波浪而产生的噪音的显著减少将有利于卡斯卡迪亚、阿拉斯加、新西兰和其他地方计划或预期的一系列OBS项目。由于所有这些地区都是大地震和海啸的潜在地点，因此改进OBS数据也具有很高的社会效益。

The PIs request funding to develop and test on current shielded OBSs orthogonal pairs of horizontal pressure gradient (OPG) sensors. These sensors will be based on the sensor technology originally developed by one of us (Webb) for the differential pressure gauge (DPG) systems currently used on the majority of the US OBS fleet. Theory suggests that these pressure gradient observations should be proportional to the wave deformation loading noise and thus can be used to predict and remove the wave loading noise from the horizontal components. Combining data from a current shielded OBS with data from APG and OPGs sensors may enable broadband seismic observations on the shallow seafloor with noise levels comparable to many land sites greatly improving OBS data for studying the Earth. This project should greatly enhance the capabilities of ocean bottom seismometers deployed in shallow water for studying the seismicity and structure of continental margins crucial to understanding the Earth and the Earth?s seismic hazard.Broader Impacts: This instrument development will be a tremendous asset for future relatively shallow water deployments of broadband instruments as it will improve the quality of the data significantly and will make the horizontal component data really useable for a wide range of structural studies. A significant reduction of noise due to waves would benefit a host of OBS programs planned or anticipated in Cascadia, Alaska, New Zealand and elsewhere. Because all of these regions are potential sites of great earthquakes and tsunamis, there are also high societal benefits in improved OBS data.