COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Particle mediated enhanced transport of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments

CBET 1336807/1335722/1336202格伦·莫里森/詹妮弗·本宁/约翰·利特勒密苏里州科技大学/索达克矿业学院/理工学院/弗吉尼亚理工大学圣母大学。建筑物暴露在大量现代建筑产品和家具中的有毒化学物质中，这些化学物质不断释放出来。居住者通过吸入、进食、饮用，甚至通过皮肤吸收半挥发性有机化合物(SVOC)，如增塑剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂等。室内环境中烟雾、烹饪、吸烟和其他来源的空气颗粒物的存在可能会极大地增加这些化合物的皮肤吸收。这项研究将检验这样一个假设，即空气中的颗粒物通过改变这些化学物质从表面到表面的运输方式，增加了来自SVOCs来源的化学排放率，并增加了这些化学物质在皮肤和衣服等表面上的沉积。该系统的一个理论模型预测，从室内表面和材料到居住者的运输速度将增加10倍，从而增加吸入和皮肤(皮肤)剂量。这是因为颗粒在进出表面附近区域时可以吸收和释放非常大量的SVOC。拟议的研究将仔细地将相关参数(分配和传输现象)的实验量化与模型分析结合起来。在实际环境条件下，有机和盐颗粒将与纯SVOC(邻苯二甲酸酯、多溴联苯醚、多氯联苯)平衡，并测量平板和管状几何形状的气相沉积速率。研究结果将被用于检验颗粒物介导的强化排放和吸收的理论模型。此外，实验结果和传质模型将被整合到室内空气质量模型中，以改进对SVOCs室内来源的暴露、剂量和风险的预测。研究团队将在现场收集样本、模型分析和接触预测方面整合本科生和研究生。他们的经验将帮助开发一个由学生审查的关于SVOCs的教育模块，该模块将通过环境工程和科学教师协会传播。建筑物居住者可以通过吸入、食用食物和饮料，甚至通过皮肤吸收有毒的塑化剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂和其他化学物质。这项研究调查了室内环境中来自烟雾、烹饪、吸烟和其他来源的空气颗粒物可能显著增加对这些化合物的吸收的程度。尽管最近的一个理论模型已经预测到了这种可能性，但这个项目将是第一个在实验和现实世界条件下测试该模型的项目。这一新知识将为卫生专业人员提供工具，以更好地了解和预测在广泛的环境情景中与低挥发性化学品相关的暴露和风险。研究结果将有助于更好地了解和减轻吸烟和烹饪等活动导致的高颗粒物环境的健康风险。这项研究还将帮助制造商通过确定那些应该避免的化学物质来重新配制建筑材料等产品。

CBET 1336807/1335722/1336202Glenn Morrison/Jennifer Benning/John LittleMissouri University of Science & Technology/So Dak School of Mines/ Tech/VA Polytechnic Inst & St. Univ.Occupants of buildings are exposed to toxic chemicals from the vast number of modern building products and furnishings that continuously release these compounds. Occupants absorb semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as plasticizers, pesticides, flame-retardants, and others through inhaling, eating, drinking and even by absorbing them through the skin. The presence of airborne particles in the indoor environment from smog, cooking, smoking and other sources may dramatically increase dermal absorption for these compounds. This research will test the hypothesis that airborne particles increase chemical emission rates from sources of SVOCs and deposition of these chemicals onto surfaces such as skin and clothing by altering the way these chemicals are transported from surface-to-surface. A theoretical model of this system predicts as much as a 10-fold increase in the rate of transport from indoor surfaces and materials to occupants, thereby increasing inhalation and dermal (skin) dose. This occurs because particles can absorb and release very large amounts of SVOCs as they move in and out of regions near surfaces. The proposed research will carefully combine experimental quantification of relevant parameters (partition and transport phenomena) with model analysis. Under realistic environmental conditions, organic and salt particles will be equilibrated with a pure SVOC (phthalate esters, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the gas-phase deposition rates will be measured for flat plate and tubular geometries. The results will be used to test theoretical models of particle-mediated enhanced emissions and uptake. Further, experimental results and mass-transfer models will be integrated into indoor air quality models to improve predictions of exposure, dose and risk to indoor sources of SVOCs. The research team will integrate undergraduate and graduate students in field collection of samples, model analysis and exposure predictions. Their experiences will inform the development of a student-vetted educational module on SVOCs which will be disseminated through the Association for Environmental Engineering and Science Professors.Building occupants can absorb toxic plasticizers, pesticides, flame-retardants, and others chemicals through inhalation, consumption of food and beverages, and even absorption through the skin. This research examines the extent to which airborne particles in the indoor environment from smog, cooking, smoking and other sources may dramatically increase absorption for these compounds. Although this possibility has been predicted by a recent theoretical model, this project will be the first to test the model experimentally and under real-world conditions. This new knowledge will provide health professionals with tools to better understand and predict exposure and risk associated with low-volatility chemicals in a wide range of environmental scenarios. The results will help to better understand and mitigate the health risks of high-particulate environments that result from activities such as smoking and cooking. The research will also help manufacturers reformulate products such as building materials by identifying those chemicals that should be avoided.