Workshop: Atmospheric chemistry moves indoors

研讨会：大气化学转移到室内

• 批准号: 1028819
• 负责人: Glenn Morrison
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Missouri University of Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1028819&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Atmospheric; chemistry; moves; indoors

PI: Glenn MorrisonProposal No: CBET-1028819Indoor air quality is a function of dynamic processes in which chemical reactions play a key role by consuming primary emissions and generating secondary contaminants, including secondary organic aerosols. While outdoor pollution contributes background levels, the composition of indoor air is strongly determined by indoor sources, including occupant activities such as cooking, smoking or cleaning. In indoor environments, low molecular weight organic compounds and reactive species are found principally in the gas phase, while persistent semivolatile compounds tend to accumulate both in the gas phase and on exposed surfaces, including those of airborne particles and settled dust. To meaningfully alter the composition of indoor air, gas phase reactions must occur at rates that are competitive with air exchange rates. Such constraints do not apply to surface reactions, which are favored by the large surface-to-volume ratios found indoors. Indeed, indoor surfaces may present substrates that favor certain chemical reactions such as base catalyzed hydrolysis. As practices consistent with environmental sustainability and zero-energy buildings are incorporated into building construction and operation, new materials with novel emissions and surfaces will be introduced. Characterizing indoor chemistry, with an eye towards mitigation strategies, becomes even more important in such a setting, since its impact on human exposures will be amplified as a consequence of tighter building envelopes and reduced air exchange rates. By bringing together the top scholars in the field of indoor chemistry, this symposium will advance the field of indoor air quality through a critical evaluation of present and proposed indoor chemistry research. Aerosols, carcinogens, irritants and odors are all generated or modified by such chemistry. There are a vast number of reactants, reactions and products that can influence the health of building occupants. Thus, research focus is critical to identify processes that most efficiently advance the research field with an eye toward improving public health. Specific workshop objectives are to: Bring together chemists from a variety of domains and disciplines to collaborate and educate each other about the challenges and opportunities that derive from indoor environments and guide NSF in supporting indoor chemistry research. This workshop will result in the first of its kind: a focused collaboration of outdoor and indoor chemists with a resulting plan of action for research on indoor chemistry. By bringing together the top scholars, we will evaluate existing research and generate new ideas. This process will act as a selective filter, refocusing our attention on the most productive path. By advancing indoor air research, they will more rapidly and efficiently identify key causes of indoor exposure to toxic species. In doing so, they can provide tangible strategies and technologies for enhancing public health by improving indoor air quality. Early-career faculty will be supported and will participate in the workshop.

室内空气质量是一个动态过程的函数，其中化学反应通过消耗一次排放和产生二次污染物（包括二次有机气溶胶）起着关键作用。虽然室外污染对背景水平有影响，但室内空气的成分在很大程度上取决于室内污染源，包括烹饪、吸烟或清洁等居住者的活动。在室内环境中，低分子量有机化合物和活性物质主要存在于气相中，而持久性半挥发性化合物倾向于在气相和暴露的表面上积聚，包括空气中的颗粒和沉淀的灰尘。为了有意地改变室内空气的组成，气相反应必须以与空气交换率相竞争的速率发生。这样的限制并不适用于表面反应，因为在室内发现的大的表面体积比有利于表面反应。事实上，室内表面可能存在有利于某些化学反应的底物，如碱催化水解。随着与环境可持续性和零能耗建筑相一致的实践被纳入建筑建造和运营，具有新排放和表面的新材料将被引入。在这种情况下，以缓解战略为目标确定室内化学特性变得更加重要，因为由于建筑围护结构收紧和空气交换率降低，室内化学对人类接触的影响将被放大。通过汇集室内化学领域的顶尖学者，本次研讨会将通过对当前和拟议的室内化学研究的批判性评估来推进室内空气质量领域。气溶胶、致癌物、刺激物和气味都是由这种化学反应产生或改变的。有大量的反应物、反应和产物可以影响建筑物居住者的健康。因此，研究重点对于确定最有效地推进研究领域以改善公共卫生的进程至关重要。具体的研讨会目标是：将来自不同领域和学科的化学家聚集在一起，就室内环境带来的挑战和机遇进行合作和相互教育，并指导NSF支持室内化学研究。本次研讨会将开创此类研讨会的先机：室外和室内化学家的重点合作，并制定室内化学研究的行动计划。通过汇集顶尖学者，我们将评估现有的研究并产生新的想法。这个过程将起到选择性过滤器的作用，将我们的注意力重新集中在最有成效的道路上。通过推进室内空气研究，他们将更迅速、更有效地确定室内有毒物质暴露的主要原因。在这样做的过程中，它们可以提供切实的战略和技术，通过改善室内空气质量来加强公众健康。早期职业教师将得到支持并参加研讨会。