Discourses about the Halakhah in early Judaism and Christianity: Who should eat when and where in whose company?

对Halakhah的研究通常是针对Halakhah可能的救赎意义。尽管如此，对来源的批判性审查表明，这种将Halakhah仅仅作为拯救手段的片面观点并不完全正确。这是因为主要的支持性文件不是围绕着律法的普遍重要性，而是集中在源于耶稣和他的门徒的某些行为和行动的具体问题上。关于Halakhah的论述集中在有关离婚的问题（马可福音10：1-12;路加福音1 - 6：1 - 6 -18/马太福音5：31-32;马太福音1 - 9：1-9），安息日（路加福音14：5/马太福音12：11-12;马可福音2：23-3：6;路加福音13：10-17; 14：1-6）和膳食。食物的话题被广泛讨论，因为有关于禁止和允许食物的规则（使徒行传15：20）。23-29; 1 Corr 8-10;罗马书14），允许的食物摄入方式（路加福音11：39/马特23：25-26;马克7：1-23）和表团契（马克2：14-17;路加福音7：33-35/马特11：18-19;行为10-11）。这些哈拉卡论述表明，法律问题首先是一个实践伦理问题。早期基督教中关于律法的争论与早期犹太人关于律法的论述相对应，因为它们都集中在安息日、食物和纯洁的要求、婚姻问题以及与外邦人的交往上。这些研究的目的是检查halakhic话语发生在天气传统的背景下，证明声明的具体问题的Halakhah有关日常生活中的犹太教，以讨论早期基督教的法律实践在更广泛的背景下。由于有关婚姻和安息日的问题已经被广泛研究过，本书的重点将放在食物的复杂性上。

Research on the Halakhah is usually directed towards the possible soteriological meaning of the Halakhah. Nevertheless, a critical review of the sources shows that this one-sided view of the Halakhah solely as a means of salvation is not entirely correct. This is because the main supporting documents are not centered around the general importance of the law, but much rather focus on specific questions which originate from certain behaviors and actions of Jesus and his disciples. The discourses about the Halakhah concentrate on questions concerning divorce (Mark 10:1-12; Luke 16:16-18/Matt 5:31-32; Matt 19:1-9), the Sabbath (Luke 14:5/Matt 12:11-12; Mark 2:23-3:6; Luke 13:10-17; 14:1-6) and meals. The topic of food is broadly debated since there are rules concerning prohibited and permitted food (Acts 15:20. 23-29; 1 Cor 8-10; Rom 14), the permitted way of food intake (Luke 11:39/Matt 23:25-26; Mark 7:1-23) and table fellowship (Mark 2:14-17; Luke 7:33-35/Matt 11:18-19; Acts 10-11). These halakhic discourses show that the question of the law is first and foremost a question of practical ethics. The debates about the law in early Christianity correspond to early Jewish discourses about the law as far as they are both concentrating on the Sabbath, food and purity requirements, marital matters and the dealing with Gentiles. The goal of these studies is the examination of the halakhic discourses occuring in the synoptic tradition in the context of evidenced statements on specific questions of the Halakhah concerning daily life in Judaism in order to discuss the early Christian practice of the law in a wider context. Since the questions concerning marriage as well as the Sabbath have been studied extensively before, the focus of this work will lie on the complex of food.